Comparison of Autism Screening in Younger and Older Toddlers

Sturner, Raymond A.; Howard, Barbara J.; Bergmann, Paul; Stewart, Lydia; Afarian, Talin E.

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3230-1

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There is heterogeneity in how early signs of ASD unfold during early development across children, and clinical detectability of symptoms in the second year of life may vary (Bacon et al., 2017; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015). Further examination and development of broadband and autism-specific screening tools and scoring approaches for younger and older toddlers may be needed to distinguish atypical developmental trajectories and detect early social communication delays in very young children (Sturner, Howard, Bergmann, Stewart, & Afarian, 2017). There is a need for clinical utility of screening and evaluation tools, like the CSBS Behavior Sample, that can detect early social communication delays in very young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal and nonverbal outcomes of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorder, language delay, and global developmental delay

Delehanty

Stronach

Guthrie

et al. 2018

Autism & Developmental Language Impairments

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Background and Aims: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a heterogeneous clinical phenotype with wide variability in their language and intellectual profiles that complicates efforts at early detection. There is limited research examining observational measures to characterize differences between young children with and without ASD and co-occurring language delay (LD) and global developmental delay (GDD). The first aim of this study was to compare early social communication measured in the second year of life in children diagnosed at age 3 with ASD, developmental delays (DD), and typical development (TD). The second aim was to compare early social communication in six subgroups of children: ASD, ASDþLD, ASDþGDD, LD, GDD, and TD. Our third aim was to determine the collective and unique contributions of early social communication to predict verbal and nonverbal developmental outcomes at three years of age for children with and without ASD. Methods: Analyses of covariance controlling for maternal education were employed to examine group differences in social communication in 431 toddlers recruited through screening in primary care. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS) Behavior Sample composite standard scores and Mullen Scales of Early Learning T scores for children with and without ASD. Results: Distinct patterns of early social communication were evident by 20 months. Children with TD differed significantly from children with ASD and DD on all three CSBS Behavior Sample composites. Children with ASD had significantly lower scores than those with DD and TD on the social and symbolic composites. Among the six subgroups, all three composites of the CSBS Behavior Sample differentiated children with TD from all other subgroups. Children with ASDþGDD scored significantly lower than all other subgroups on social and symbolic composites. Patterns of social communication emerged for children with and without ASD, which held among subgroups divided by developmental level. The CSBS Behavior Sample social and symbolic composites contributed unique variance in predicting developmental outcomes in both groups. The speech composite contributed unique variance to expressive language,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal and nonverbal outcomes of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorder, language delay, and global developmental delay

Delehanty

Stronach

Guthrie

et al. 2018

Autism & Developmental Language Impairments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Defective reciprocal social interaction is one of the core symptomatic elements of ASD. Precise developmental charting is critical to correctly detecting early signs of ASD, as the timing of appearance and maturity levels of various milestone features individually varies . While incipient ASD infants start to show atypical development of social orienting and reciprocity (e.g., gaze to face and eye, social smiles, directed vocalizations and social engagement, imitation, response to name) at 12 to 18 months, they deviate from typically developing infants in social communication from as early as 6 months and in memory‐based face recognition from the age of 3 to 6 months .…”

Section: Rdoc Domain Constructs In Mouse Models Of Cnvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical reappraisal of mechanistic links of copy number variants to dimensional constructs of neuropsychiatric disorders in mouse models

Hiroi

2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Copy number variants are deletions and duplications of a few thousand to million base pairs and are associated with extraordinarily high levels of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The unprecedented levels of robust and reproducible penetrance of copy number variants make them one of the most promising and reliable entry points to delve into the mechanistic bases of many mental disorders. However, the precise mechanistic bases of these associations still remain elusive in humans due to the many genes encoded in each copy number variant and the diverse associated phenotypic features. Genetically engineered mice have provided a technical means to ascertain precise genetic mechanisms of association between copy number variants and dimensional aspects of mental illnesses. Molecular, cellular, and neuronal phenotypes can be detected as potential mechanistic substrates for various behavioral constructs of mental illnesses. However, mouse models come with many technical pitfalls. Genetic background is not well controlled in many mouse models, leading to rather obvious interpretative issues. Dose alterations of many copy number variants and single genes within copy number variants result in some molecular, cellular, and neuronal phenotypes without a behavioral phenotype or with a behavioral phenotype opposite to what is seen in humans. In this review, I discuss technical and interpretative pitfalls of mouse models of copy number variants and highlight well-controlled studies to suggest potential neuronal mechanisms of dimensional aspects of mental illnesses. Mouse models of copy number variants represent toeholds to achieve a better understanding of the mechanistic bases of dimensions of neuropsychiatric disorders and thus for development of mechanism-based therapeutic options in humans.

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“…Limited parental knowledge or understanding of the screening questions may also be an issue, although recent studies have revealed good agreement between parents and clinicians on ratings of autism-related behaviors among the parents of infants who are at risk for ASD. 13,14 Studies also reveal that child-related factors such as better developed language, 15 the absence of repetitive and restricted behaviors, average-range IQ, younger age at assessment, 16,17 and lack of additional behavioral issues 18 may mask symptoms of social disability. Incorporating other measures that can be used to more broadly examine developmental features and consider children's developmental levels could provide new insights with regard to earlier identification of children with ASD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features of Children With Autism Who Passed 18-Month Screening

et al. 2018

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This is the first study to reveal that children who pass M-CHAT screening at 18 months and are later diagnosed with ASD exhibit delays in core social and communication areas as well as fine motor skills at 18 months. Differences appeared to be more pronounced in girls. With these findings, we underscore the need to enhance the understanding of early markers of ASD in boys and girls, as well as factors affecting parental report on early delays and abnormalities, to improve the sensitivity of screening instruments.

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Comparison of Autism Screening in Younger and Older Toddlers

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Verbal and nonverbal outcomes of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorder, language delay, and global developmental delay

Verbal and nonverbal outcomes of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorder, language delay, and global developmental delay

Critical reappraisal of mechanistic links of copy number variants to dimensional constructs of neuropsychiatric disorders in mouse models

Clinical Features of Children With Autism Who Passed 18-Month Screening

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