Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Environmental and Clinical Isolates from Historical Data for the US

Hua, Megan; Huang, William; Chen, Albert; Rehmet, Michael; Jin, C.; Huang, Zuyi

doi:10.1155/2020/4254530

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These genes are responsible for three resistance mechanisms named antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic efflux, and antibiotic target replacement. The most predominant resistance mechanism identified is the antibiotic inactivation conferred by aph(3’’)-Ib and aph(6)-Id which is responsible for aminoglycoside phosphotransferase that has a major role for aminoglycoside resistance [ 24 , 25 ]. blaTEM-234 , fosA , and fosA6 are responsible for conferring fosfomycin resistance [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates sequence type 627 isolated from Egyptian patients

et al. 2022

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a threat to public health especially due to multidrug resistance emergence. It is largely oligoclonal based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST); in Egypt, ST 627 was recently detected. Despites the global dissemination of this ST, there is still paucity of information about it. Herein, we used 4 K. pneumoniae ST627 for whole genome sequencing utilizing an Illumina MiSeq platform. Genome sequences were examined for resistance and virulence determinants, capsular types, plasmids, insertion sequences, phage regions, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) regions using bioinformatic analysis. The molecular characterization revealed 15 and 65 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, respectively. Resistance genes such as tet(D), aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-234, fosA, and fosA6; were mainly responsible for tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and fosfomycin resistance; respectively. The capsular typing revealed that the four strains are KL-24 and O1v1. One plasmid was found in all samples known as pC17KP0052-1 and another plasmid with accession no. NZ_CP032191.1 was found only in K90. IncFIB(K) and IncFII(K) are two replicons found in all samples, while ColRNAI replicon was found only in K90. Entero P88, Salmon SEN5, and Klebsi phiKO2 intact phage regions were identified. All samples harbored CRISPR arrays including CRISPR1 and CRISPR2. Our results shed light on critical tasks of mobile genetic elements in ST 627 in antibiotic resistance spreading.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates sequence type 627 isolated from Egyptian patients

et al. 2022

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“…S . Typhimurium ST19 is globally distributed and associated with outbreaks of human gastroenteritis, mainly in Europe and the US [ 25 , 51 , 52 ]. Additionally, the mcr-1 -carrying S. Typhimurium identified in this study carried a large repertoire of virulence factor genes ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 Detected on an IncI2 Plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium Sequence Type 19 from a Healthy Pig in South Korea

et al. 2021

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Colistin is considered the last resort for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. We studied colistin resistance and the mcr-1 gene carriage in Salmonella isolates recovered from food animals in South Korea between 2010 and 2018. Colistin resistance was found in 277 isolates, predominantly in Salmonella Enteritidis (57.1%) and Salmonella Gallinarum (41.9%). However, the mcr-1 gene was identified in only one colistin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (MIC = 16 µg/mL) isolated from a healthy pig. The mcr-1 carrying isolate presented additional resistance to multiple antimicrobials. The strain belonged to sequence type (ST)19 and carried various virulence factor genes that are associated with adhesion and invasion of Salmonella into intestinal epithelial cells, as well as its survival in macrophages. The mcr-1 gene was identified on an IncI2 plasmid and it was also transferred to the E. coli J53 recipient strain. The mcr-1-carrying plasmid (pK18JST013) in this study was closely related to that previously reported in S. Indiana (pCFSA664-3) from chicken in China. This is the first report of mcr-1 carrying S. Typhimurium in South Korea. The finding indicates the importance of regular screening for the presence of the mcr-1 gene in S. Typhimurium in food animals to prevent the spread to humans.

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“…On the basis of the expression profiles returned by edgeR, principal component analysis (PCA), one of the most popular approaches to project high-dimensional data into a two-dimensional space, was used to determine the outliner genes shown in Figure 4 A,C,E. In particular, the PCA approach published in our previous work [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] was implemented in this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Impact from IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 on the Growth and Signaling of Activated CD4+ T Cells

Coppola

Hopkins

Huhn

et al. 2020

IJMS

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While CAR-T therapy is a growing and promising area of cancer research, it is limited by high cost and the difficulty of consistently culturing T-cells to therapeutically relevant concentrations ex-vivo. Cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 have been found to stimulate the growth of T cells, however, the optimized combination of these three cytokines for T cell proliferation is unknown. In this study, we designed an integrated experimental and modeling approach to optimize cytokine supplementation for rapid expansion in clinical applications. We assessed the growth data for statistical improvements over no cytokine supplementation and used a systems biology approach to identify genes with the highest magnitude of expression change from control at several time points. Further, we developed a predictive mathematical model to project the growth rate for various cytokine combinations, and investigate genes and reactions regulated by cytokines in activated CD4+ T cells. The most favorable conditions from the T cell growth study and from the predictive model align to include the full range of IL-2 and IL-7 studied, and at lower levels of IL-15 (6 ng/mL or 36 ng/mL). The highest growth rates were observed where either IL-2 or IL-7 was at the highest concentration tested (15 ng/mL for IL-2 and 80 ng/mL for IL-7) while the other was at the lowest (1 ng/mL for IL-2 and 6 ng/mL for IL-7), or where both IL-2 and IL-7 concentrations are moderate-corresponding to condition keys 200, 020, and 110 respectively. This suggests a synergistic interaction of IL-2 and IL-7 with regards to promoting optimal proliferation and survival of the activated CD4+ T cells. Transcriptomic data analysis identified the genes and transcriptional regulators up/down-regulated by each of the cytokines IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15. It was found that the genes with persistent expressing changes were associated with major pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation. In addition to influencing T cell metabolism, the three cytokines were found to regulate specific genes involved in TCR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, AKT and PI3K-AKT signaling. The developed Fuzzy model that can predict the growth rate of activated CD4+ T cells for various combinations of cytokines, along with identified optimal cytokine cocktails and important genes found in transcriptomic data, can pave the way for optimizing activated CD4 T cells by regulating cytokines in the clinical setting.

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Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Environmental and Clinical Isolates from Historical Data for the US

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates sequence type 627 isolated from Egyptian patients

Whole genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates sequence type 627 isolated from Egyptian patients

Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 Detected on an IncI2 Plasmid in Salmonella Typhimurium Sequence Type 19 from a Healthy Pig in South Korea

Investigation of the Impact from IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 on the Growth and Signaling of Activated CD4+ T Cells

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