Comparison of ADHD symptom subtypes as source‐specific syndromes

Abstract

Observed findings are consistent with the notion that mothers and teachers interpret symptom statements in terms of behaviors that are most relevant for their daily concerns.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder as a Clinical Phenotype in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…Although the extant literature supports the notion that shared genetic influences contribute to the covariation of ODD and ADHD, findings from a recent twin study indicate additional unique genetic factors (Dick et al 2005). Lastly, the clinical features of parent-versus teacher-defined ODD are dissimilar (Drabick et al 2007), and there is evidence that the underlying genotypes for parent-versus teacher-defined ODD may also be different (Hudziak et al 2005), which appears to be the case with parent-versus teacher-defined ADHD as well (Gadow et al 2004b;Martin et al 2002).…”

Self-evaluated burden in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot study

“…In the comparison between the three groups, no significant differences were observed between ADHD-C and ADHD-I; however, the ADHD-HI group showed a different pattern of impairment, despite its lower frequency. In a study on children with ADHD, Gadow et al 15 suggested that children with the hyperactive-impulsive subtype differ in several ways from the other two subtypes . They demonstrated that these children display a secondary set of behavioral problems, whereas the ADHD-I and ADHD-C subtypes only display a significant difficulty in academics.…”

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

“…Furthermore, decreased sympathetic activation during exposure to emotion-inducing stimuli mediated the relation between affective decision-making and ADHD-H symptoms. The relations between impaired affective-decision making and ADHD-H, but not ADHD-I, symptoms, provide further support for continued differentiation among ADHD subtypes (Eiraldi et al 1997;Gadow et al 2000Gadow et al , 2004Gaub and Carlson 1997). Moreover, the associations among attenuated sympathetic activation during exposure to emotion-inducing videos, disadvantageous decision-making, and ADHD-H symptoms among boys suggest that boys who are unable to generate somatic markers related to fear and sadness may be more impulsive, perhaps because they lack the physiological representations of emotions (provided by the OFC and amygdala) that are important for guiding and learning socially appropriate behavior.…”

“…Similarly, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and ADHDpredominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) subtypes differ in terms of correlates. For instance, the ADHD-I subtype is associated with higher levels of academic difficulties and internalizing problems, whereas the ADHD-H subtype is associated with social impairment, motor inhibition deficits, and externalizing symptoms (Eiraldi et al 1997;Gadow et al 2000Gadow et al , 2004McBurnett et al 1999;Nigg et al 2002). Despite these differences, most studies compare ADHD-I and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I + ADHD-H), likely because of the relatively lower base rates of pure ADHD-H.…”