Comparison of activation processes for 3D printed PLA-graphene electrodes: electrochemical properties and application for sensing of dopamine

Kalinke, Cristiane; Neumsteir, Naile Vacilotto; Aparecido, Gabriel de Oliveira; Ferraz, Thiago V. B.; Santos, Pãmyla L. dos; Janegitz, Bruno C.; Bonacin, Juliano Alves

doi:10.1039/c9an01926j

Cited by 136 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Such dual activation treatments have demonstrated to improve even more the electrochemical response of 3D-printed BM devices, resulting in composite electrodes with characteristics similar to functionalized graphene surfaces. [37,50,51]…”

Section: Surface Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Muñoz

Pumera

2020

ChemElectroChem

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Heavy metal ions, small organic molecules and inorganic pollutants are some environmentally hazardous compounds that negatively impact the ecosystem and public health, owing to their high toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation. This makes it essential to develop rapid, simple, low‐cost and sensitive devices for in situ monitoring of these toxic contaminants. In this sense, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique, which is transforming the way that materials are turned into functional devices by prototyping bespoke 3D materials via layer‐by‐layer deposition. This technology can offer enormous potential to environmental devices, where electrochemical sensing platforms have been on the rise, as they offer decentralized and tailored fabrication of on‐demand, low‐cost, at‐point‐of‐use systems. Although this research is still in an early stage, this Minireview aims to point out the most widely used additive manufacturing technology and materials for 3D‐printed electrode fabrication, as well as some pivotal activation procedural steps necessary to enhance their electroanalytical capabilities. Indeed, the potential of 3D‐printed electrochemical sensors to monitor a range of important hazardous pollutants in aqueous samples is reported, visualizing the future of this technology to develop integrated low‐cost analytical electronic systems for direct environmental detection in remote areas of the globe.

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Section: Surface Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Muñoz

Pumera

2020

ChemElectroChem

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“…Thus organic solvents are generally used to remove or reduce the potential protective layer created by PLA when utilized together with a conductive material, in order to achieve electrodes with a better conductivity (dos Santos et al, 2019 ; Gusmão et al, 2019 ; Richter et al, 2019 ; Wirth et al, 2019 ). In this context, the work of Kalinke et al ( 2020 ) showed a considerable improvement of the electrochemical properties of a 3D-printed electrode made of G-PLA when the graphene nanoribbon structures were exposed through the reduction of the protective layer of PLA, accomplished by solvents or saponification (Kalinke et al, 2020 ). An electrochemical characterization of such device was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV).…”

Section: Novel Materials For Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The materials used are often filaments of polymers, metals, composites, and ceramics that get extruded through a heated nozzle. Composites of thermoplastics and carbon-based materials (i.e., graphene, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes) are used as conductive materials together with the insulating nature of thermoplastics filaments (e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS) (Wei et al, 2015 ; Katic et al, 2019 ; Foster et al, 2020 ; Kalinke et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Printed Electrochemical Platforms for Greener Analytics

Sfragano

Laschi²,

Palchetti

2020

Front. Chem.

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The development of miniaturized electrochemical platforms holds considerable importance for the in situ analytical monitoring of clinical, environmental, food, and forensic samples. However, it is crucial to pay attention to the sustainability of materials chosen to fabricate these devices, in order to decrease the amount and the impact of waste coming from their production and use. In the framework of a circular economy and an environmental footprint reduction, the electrochemical sensor production technology must discover the potentiality of innovative approaches based on techniques and materials that can satisfy the needs of environmental-friendly and greener analytics. The aim of this review is to describe some of the printing technologies most used for sensor production, including screen-printing, inkjet-printing, and 3D-printing, and the low-impact materials that are recently proposed for these techniques, such as polylactic acid, cellulose, silk proteins, biochar.

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“…Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is making rapid inroads in manufacturing, and advanced fabrications that are quickly moving into production [23]. 3D printing has been utilized in development and fabrication of sensors for detection of glucose [24], drugs [25], trace elements [26], neurotransmitters [27], nucleic acids [28], and proteins [29]. The vast scope and innovative nature of 3D printing in development of biosensors is backed by the versatility of options provided by the immense progress in the design and production of desktop 3D printers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics

Sharafeldin

Kadimisetty

Bhalerao

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Detecting cancer at an early stage of disease progression promises better treatment outcomes and longer lifespans for cancer survivors. Research has been directed towards the development of accessible and highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tools, many of which rely on protein biomarkers and biomarker panels which are overexpressed in body fluids and associated with different types of cancer. Protein biomarker detection for point-of-care (POC) use requires the development of sensitive, noninvasive liquid biopsy cancer diagnostics that overcome the limitations and low sensitivities associated with current dependence upon imaging and invasive biopsies. Among many endeavors to produce user-friendly, semi-automated, and sensitive protein biomarker sensors, 3D printing is rapidly becoming an important contemporary tool for achieving these goals. Supported by the widely available selection of affordable desktop 3D printers and diverse printing options, 3D printing is becoming a standard tool for developing low-cost immunosensors that can also be used to make final commercial products. In the last few years, 3D printing platforms have been used to produce complex sensor devices with high resolution, tailored towards researchers’ and clinicians’ needs and limited only by their imagination. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has drastically reduced the time of sensor and sensor array development while offering excellent sensitivity at a fraction of the cost of conventional technologies such as photolithography. In this review, we offer a comprehensive description of 3D printing techniques commonly used to develop immunosensors, arrays, and microfluidic arrays. In addition, recent applications utilizing 3D printing in immunosensors integrated with different signal transduction strategies are described. These applications include electrochemical, chemiluminescent (CL), and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) 3D-printed immunosensors. Finally, we discuss current challenges and limitations associated with available 3D printing technology and future directions of this field.

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Comparison of activation processes for 3D printed PLA-graphene electrodes: electrochemical properties and application for sensing of dopamine

Abstract: This paper reports the comparison of the electrochemical properties of 3D PLA-graphene electrodes (PLA-G) under different activation conditions and through different processes.

Cited by 136 publications

References 57 publications

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Sustainable Printed Electrochemical Platforms for Greener Analytics

3D-Printed Immunosensor Arrays for Cancer Diagnostics

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