Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for extraction and determination of pharmaceuticals in vegetables

Methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in sediments and plant tissue

“…In 601 fact, in previous works the RSD for pharmaceuticals has been considered matrix-602 dependent [10] . The RSDs presently obtained (6-38%) is within the range 603 previously found for pesticides and pharmaceuticals determination in plant 604 tissue [43][44][45] . 605…”

“…For pharmaceuticals, the present limits for plant material were higher than those 565 (Table S4) by LC-MS (LOD 2 -13 ng g -1 ) [14] , LC-MS/MS (LOD of 0.5 to 8 ng g -1 [14, 566 45] ) or GC-MS (7 -58 ng g -1 ) [14] . For example, a comparison for carbamazepine 567 showed that the present LOD (0.25 µg g -1 ) was higher than that reported for 568 buffer extraction followed by SPE-GC-MS (10-20 ng g -1 ) [14] , PLE-SPE-GC-MS (19 569 ng g -1 ) [14] , QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS (0.7 ng g -1 ) [45] or PLE-SPE-LC-MS (0.17 ng g -570 1 ) [14] . Again, the main differences in LOD performance are related to the use in 571 other works of a powerful detector such MS and less to the extraction and clean-572 up technique.…”

“…a comparison for tebuconazole across 584 studies showed that the present recovery (92%) was similar to the one reported 585 for dispersive-SPE-LC-MS/MS (94%) [42] . Similarly, the current methodology 586 recovery for pharmaceuticals are generally similar or higher than obtained using 587 buffer extraction followed by SPE (15 -98%) [14] , USE followed by SPE (73 -588 192%) [14] , PLE with [14] or without [45] SPE (46 -176%) and QuEChERS (70 -589 Page 17 of 24 Analytical Methods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Analytical Methods Accepted Manuscript View Article Online 119%) [45] (Table S4). For example, a comparison for carbamazepine showed 590 that the present recovery (82%) was higher than that reported for buffer 591 extraction followed by SPE-GC-MS (15-61%) [14] , PLE-SPE-GC-MS (75%) [14] , and 592 similar or lower than QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS (84-96) [45] and PLE-SPE-LC-MS 593 (110) [14] .…”

Detection, Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Contaminants in Agricultural Environments

“…Chuang et al (2015) described a cleanup method using QuEChERS kits for the extraction of 11 target pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, caffeine, carbadox, carbamazepine, lincomycin, monensin (Na), oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and tylosin) in vegetables with detection by Turbo IonSpray MS/MS in positive mode. Recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 70.1& to 118.6% with detection limits at the low nanogram per gram level.…”

Simultaneous determination of 24 personal care products in fish muscle and liver tissues using QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultra pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses

“…Nakata and Sasaki determined four synthetic musks in fish samples following Soxhlet extraction assisted by gel permeation chromatography and silica gel column cleanup [22]. However, these methods are often expensive and time consuming as well as solvent consuming [23,24]. In addition, the above methods focused on the analysis of one specific class of chemicals.…”