Comparison of a New Ovine Antigen Binding Fragment (Fab) Antivenin for United States Crotalidae with the Commercial Antivenin for Protection against Venom-Induced Lethality in Mice

Consroe, Paul; Egen, Ned B.; Russell, Findlay E.; Gerrish, Kevin; Smith, Daniel; Sidki, A M; Landon, J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.507

Cited by 92 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, on an LD 50 basis, Coralmyn was more effective in neutralizing M. f. fulvius venom (10 mL neutralizing a mean of 507.5 LD 50 and 319 LD 50 for M. t. tener venom) ( Table 2). As in previous studies (Consroe et al, 1995;Arce et al, 2003;Sánchez et al, 2003), the more toxic venoms on an LD 50 basis are easier to neutralize because less venom is required to administer an LD 50 ; and thus a more logical way to test antivenom efficacy is first protect the mouse with antivenom and then determine the LD 50 as previously suggested (Sánchez et al, 2003). The ability of Coralmyn to neutralize the Texas coral snake venom more effectively than the NACSA could be due to the fact that the Texas coral snake and the Mexican black-banded coral snake are more geographically related (Campbell and Lamar, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Neutralization of two North American coral snake venoms with United States and Mexican antivenoms

Sánchez

Lopez-Johnston

Rodrı́guez-Acosta

et al. 2008

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elapid snakes throughout the world are considered very lethal containing neurotoxic venoms that affect the nervous system. When humans are envenomated it is considered a serious medical emergency, and antivenom is the main form of treatment considered, in spite of the fact that some patients may only survive under intensive therapy treatment such as respiratory support. Coral snakes are part of the family Elapidae and envenomations by these snakes are very low (< 2% of total snakebites) in most countries from southeastern United States to Argentina. In the United States there are only two species of coral snakes of medical importance which belong to the Micrurus genera: Micrurus fulvius fulvius (Eastern coral snake) and M. tener tener (Texas coral snake). In 2006, Wyeth pharmaceutical notified customers that the production of the North American Coral Snake Antivenin (NACSA) in the U.S. was discontinued and adequate supplies were available to meet historical needs through the end of October 2008; and therefore, it is of utmost important to consider other antivenoms as alternatives for the treatment of coral snake envenoming. One logical alternative is the coral snake antivenom, Coralmyn, produced by the Mexican company, Bioclon. In order to compare neutralization between NACSA and Coralmyn antivenoms with the North American coral snake venoms, the venom lethal doses (LD 50 ) and antivenom effective doses (ED 50 ) were determined in 18-20 g, female, BALB/c mice. Additionally, venom comparisons were determined through a non reduced SDS-PAGE for M. f. fulvius, M. t. tener and the Mexican coral snake venom, M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus. Coralmyn antivenom was able to effectively neutralize 3 LD 50 doses of all venom from both M. t. tener and M. f. fulvius, while Wyeth antivenom only neutralized M. f. fulvius venom and was not effective in neutralizing 3 LD 50 doses of M. t. tener venom. Coralmyn is effective in the neutralization of both clinically important coral snake venoms in the U.S.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Neutralization of two North American coral snake venoms with United States and Mexican antivenoms

Sánchez

Lopez-Johnston

Rodrı́guez-Acosta

et al. 2008

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first example of an Fab therapeutic antibody was Digibind (Glaxo Wellcome, Uxbridge, United Kingdom), which has been used effectively and safely in many patients with digoxin toxicity. 12 OvineFab antitoxins have been used to treat systemic envenoming by the European adder (Vipera berus), 13,14 North American crotalids, 15 Nigerian saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus), 16 and to treat colchicine poisoning. 17 Raising antivenoms in sheep rather than horses has a number of advantages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia Russelii Russelii): a preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study.

Ariaratnam¹,

Meyer²,

Perera³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Russell's viper is the most important cause of life-threatening snake bite and acute renal failure in Sri Lanka. Only equine polyspecific antivenoms imported from India are available. They have not proved effective clinically or in clearing venom antigenemia and they frequently cause reactions. In an attempt to reduce mortality and morbidity, a new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom (PolongaTab ; Therapeutic Antibodies, Inc., London, United Kingdom) was raised against Sri Lankan Russell's viper venom. In a preliminary dose-finding study in 35 patients, an initial dose of 3-4 g restored blood coagulability permanently and stopped systemic bleeding, even in severely envenomed patients. Venom antigenemia disappeared within 1 hr of antivenom treatment but recurred, probably as a result of continued absorption of venom from the site of the bite, after the rapid clearance of therapeutic antibody. Twelve patients (34%) experienced early reactions that were usually mild and always responded to epinephrine.

show abstract

“…Research has also indicated a common occurrence, possibly as high as 75% (Gomez and Dart, 1995;Consroe et al, 1995) of serum sickness in patients who receive more than 5 vials of antivenom (Wingert, 1991;Gomez and Dart, 1995 (Wingert, 1991;Gomez and Dart, 1995). The adverse reactions related to initial antivenom infusions can be reduced by…”

Section: Complications Of Antivenom Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis induced by North American crotalid venoms in simulated first-aid treatments

Evans

Ownby

1999

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comparison of a New Ovine Antigen Binding Fragment (Fab) Antivenin for United States Crotalidae with the Commercial Antivenin for Protection against Venom-Induced Lethality in Mice

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Neutralization of two North American coral snake venoms with United States and Mexican antivenoms

Neutralization of two North American coral snake venoms with United States and Mexican antivenoms

A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia Russelii Russelii): a preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study.

Neutralization of edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis induced by North American crotalid venoms in simulated first-aid treatments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About