Comparison of a modern broiler line and a heritage line unselected since the 1950s

Schmidt, Carl J.; Persia, Michael E.; Feierstein, E.; Kingham, Brewster F.; Saylor, W. W.

doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00055

Cited by 141 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Intensive selection pressures placed on broiler performance traits, such as increased body weight and growth rate, have resulted in broilers with an increased appetite and therefore also increased voluntary feed intake per day (Siegel and Wisman 1966;Pym and Nicholls 1979;Havenstein et al 1994aHavenstein et al , 2003bO'Sullivan et al 1992b;Schmidt et al 2009;Howie 2010Howie , 2011) (see also section 5). As well as genetic selection, exogenous factors which influence many physiological and behavioural processes can be carefully controlled to increase feed intake and pre-ingestion efficiency.…”

Section: Feed Intake Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A modern breed has been shown to be significantly heavier at every age with a significantly increased proportion of breast meat upon reaching slaughter than an old-type breed (Mussini 2012); Schmidt et al (2009) showed that the growth rate of breast meat has increased twice as fast as the overall body growth rate. Further, in an old-type breed, the breast muscle plateaued at 9 % of the body mass at day 14.…”

Section: Growth and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By far, the greatest progress made in chicken genetics since their domestication has been witnessed in the latter half of the twentieth century, since the advent of industrial scale agriculture (Schmidt et al 2009). This can be attributed to developments made in quantitative genetics and the success of its commercial application .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Tallentire

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

151

120

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Artificial selection of broiler chickens for commercial objectives has been employed at an unprecedented magnitude over the recent decades. Consequently, the number of days, total feed and in turn energy, required to raise a broiler to slaughter weight, have decreased dramatically. Feed provision is the poultry industry's biggest environmental hotspot; hence, understanding the interactions between the birds' genetic change and their energy use efficiency forms the necessary starting point for quantifying and predicting and thereby mitigating the future environmental impact of the poultry sector. This review assesses the consequences of artificial selection on the following traits: digestive efficiency, body composition and utilisation of metabolisable energy for growth and metabolic activity. The main findings were (1) the digestive system has been subjected to much physical change due to selection in the recent decades, but this has not led to any apparent change in digestion efficiency. (2) Both the energy intake per day and the metabolic heat production rate have increased in the recent decades whilst (3) the efficiency of utilising energy for growth has also increased; this is due to an increased growth rate, so that broilers reach slaughter weight more quickly and therefore need to allocate less energy overall to metabolic processes, with the exception of growth. (4) There may have been a reduction in the tendency to waste feed through spillage and carry out energetically expensive behaviors. There is a discrepancy in the literature with regards to the influence of selection on body composition and its contribution to feed efficiency. In this review, two scenarios are demonstrated, whereby body composition either has or has not altered via artificial selection. Understanding the effects of artificial selection on the traits that relate to the feed efficiency of the broilers will contribute towards the reduction of the environmental impacts that arise from such systems.

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Section: Feed Intake Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Tallentire

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

151

120

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“…Hybridization allowed the achievement of further genetic improvement by additionally exploiting nonadditive genetic effects, and, consequently, nowadays, broilers are the outcome of pyramidal-structured crossbreeding programmes, whereas in the top tier a few dozen purebred great-grandparental lines are selected for a broad range of traits (Neeteson-van Nieuwenhoven et al, 2013). Since the early days of poultry breeding, remarkable successes in economically important traits -such as growth rate, breast meat yield and feed efficiency -have been realized, as impressively demonstrated by Havenstein et al (2003) and Schmidt et al (2009), who compared growth performance and carcass composition of modern broilers to lines that remained unselected since the 1950s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters

Muth

Zárate

2017

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meattype chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the GompertzLaird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.

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“…growth rate, breast meat yield (BMY) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) of broilers and by adapting their diets according to their improved genetic potential. Genetic selection for these traits has been shown to be very effective, as demonstrated by Schmidt et al (2009) who showed that a modern broiler line grew 1.8 times faster, had 72% greater BW and two-fold higher BMY at 5 weeks than a heritage line. In the same time, such selection has induced changes in breast muscle characteristics such as increased fiber size (Guernec et al, 2003;Felicio et al, 2013;Koomkrong et al, 2015), and reduced glycolytic potential resulting in a higher ultimate pH (pHu) (Berri et al, 2001 and2007;Le Bihan-Duval et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effect of divergent selection for breast muscle ultimate pH and dietary amino acids on chicken performance, physical activity and meat quality

Alnahhas¹,

Berri²,

Chabault-Dhuit³

et al. 2017

Animal

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Responses to changes in dietary Lys and other essential amino acid (AA) concentrations were evaluated in 480 male and female broilers originating from two lines divergently selected for high (pHu+) or low (pHu−) ultimate pH (pHu) of breast muscle. The two genetic lines were fed with two grower isoenergetic diets differing in both true digestible Lys (control = 10.2 g/kg and experimental = 7.0 g/kg) and amounts of other essential AA calculated in relation to Lys, which were sufficient for the control diet or in excess for the experimental diet. There were six repetitions per treatment. Birds were weighed individually at days 0, 21, 28 and 43. Feed consumption was recorded per pen and feed conversion was calculated over the growing period. The physical activity and walking ability of broilers were recorded during the whole rearing period. Breast and leg yield, and abdominal fat percentage were measured at 43 days of age, as were pHu, color, drip and cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and curing-cooking yield of the breast Pectoralis major and pHu of the thigh Sartorius muscle. Divergent selection greatly affected most breast meat quality traits without significantly changing growth rate or feed efficiency. When subjected to a variation in dietary intake of AA, birds from the two genotypes responded in a similar way in terms of animal's growth, feed efficiency, body composition and meat quality traits. Although line and diet did not affect physical or feeding activities of the broilers, a significant effect of line-by-diet interaction was observed on gait score. Contrary to the pHu− birds, the walking ability of pHu+ birds was impaired when fed the control diet that favored growth and breast muscle development and limited storage of carbohydrate in muscle.

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Comparison of a modern broiler line and a heritage line unselected since the 1950s

Cited by 141 publications

References 39 publications

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters

Combined effect of divergent selection for breast muscle ultimate pH and dietary amino acids on chicken performance, physical activity and meat quality

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