Comparison of a commercial bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA test and a pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radiomimmunoassay test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

Karen, Aly; Sousa, Noelita Melo de; Beckers, J.F.; Bajcsy, Árpád Csaba; Tibold, J.; Mádl, István; Szenci, O.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.005

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we demonstrated that using a commercial ELISA test to detect serum PAG concentrations was a highly accurate form of early pregnancy diagnosis in Bos indicus beef cattle. Our results are consistent with recent research examining the effectiveness of such tests in dairy taurine cows (Karen et al, 2015;Ricci et al, 2015). Specifically, PAG ELISA was 100% accurate in categorizing pregnant cows based on day 25 blood samples, compared with 93.9% (Romano and Larson, 2010), 94.6% (Sinedino et al, 2014), and 96.8% (Silva et al, 2007) sensitivity at 28 days post-TAI using the same test in taurine cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For optimal identification of early pregnancies, were require effective diagnostic methods that are accurate, practical, rapid, and cost-effective (Karen et al, 2015). To that end, an increasingly popular technique for diagnosing gestation is quantifying pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG), inactive aspartic proteases in the trophoblasts of placental binucleated cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows

et al. 2018

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are expressed in the placenta of ungulate mammals. Ruminants secrete PAGs continuously from embryonic implantation until delivery. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using ELISA to detect PAG levels as a method for early pregnancy diagnosis in Zebu (Nelore) beef cows. We compared the efficacy of this method with transrectal ultrasonography (US) in detecting pregnancy on the 25th and 28th days after timed artificial insemination (TAI) of 130 crossbred Zebu cows. Blood samples were taken during these two time points for PAG determination; ultrasound examinations were also performed on both days. Rectal palpation was used on the 80th day to definitively verify pregnancy. PAG ELISA accuracy was equal across both time points, with 100% sensitivity, 92.86% specificity, 96.70% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. In contrast, US had 62.50% and 93.18% sensitivity, 95.24% specificity, 96.49% and 97.63% positive predictive value, coupled with 54.79% and 86.96% negative predictive value on the 25th and 28th days, respectively. Thus, the two diagnosis methods differed significantly in negative predictive value and sensitivity, but not positive predictive value or specificity. In conclusion, PAG ELISA was just as specific as US, but more sensitive. Its safety (compared with US and rectal palpation) and high accuracy in identifying nonpregnant cows make PAG ELISA a good option for early pregnancy diagnosis (beginning 25 days post-TAI) in Zebu females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows

et al. 2018

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“…To date there are several reports (10)(11)(12) that confirm the utility of PAG levels for pregnancy diagnosis in cows. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the suitability of a commercial ELISA test kit to detect PAGs in the peripheral blood for early pregnancy diagnosis, as well as to compare plasma PAG levels during early pregnancy in both Holstein-Friesian heifers and lactating cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The ELISA test can be used under farm conditions and avoids the health risks for users associated with the radioactive substances used in RIA-based tests (11). To date there are several reports (10)(11)(12) that confirm the utility of PAG levels for pregnancy diagnosis in cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pregnancy diagnosis using a commercial ELISA test based on pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein-Friesian heifers and lactating cows

Kaya¹,

Köse²,

Bozkaya³

et al. 2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…The PAG can be detected in either plasma, serum, or milk (Silva et al, 2007; LeBlanc, 2013; Lawson et al, 2014). The accuracies of commercial PAG tests for plasma, serum, or milk range from 89 to 96% (Silva et al, 2007; Karen et al, 2015; Ricci et al, 2015). The accuracy of PAG tests makes them suitable alternatives to traditional methods of pregnancy diagnosis (palpation or ultrasound).…”

Section: Technical Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Validation of a chemical pregnancy test in dairy cows that uses whole blood, shortened incubation times, and visual readout

Mayo

Moore

Poock

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Chemical pregnancy testing is an alternative to traditional methods of pregnancy diagnosis (either manual palpation or ultrasound) in postpartum dairy cows and heifers. The objective was to validate a chemical pregnancy test that confers the advantages of using whole blood, rapid incubation times, and visual readout. Blood and milk samples were collected from Holstein dairy cows [n = 320; 162 ± 62 (mean ± SD) d in milk] on a confinement farm in northeast Missouri at 28 d after artificial insemination (AI). The samples were assayed for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) by using a rapid visual test as well as traditional plasma- and milk-based tests. Transrectal ultrasonography diagnosis for pregnancy at 35 to 38 d after AI was the reference (gold) standard for all PAG tests. One hundred fifty-nine cows were diagnosed as pregnant by the reference standard (pregnancies per AI = 49.7%). The tests were ELISA and either optical density (OD; measured with a microtiter plate reader; plasma, milk, and rapid visual tests) or visual readout (rapid visual test) were used to diagnose pregnancy. When OD was used, the percentage of pregnant cows classified correctly (sensitivity) for the plasma, milk, and rapid visual tests were 97 ± 1, 96 ± 2, and 95 ± 1% (±SE), respectively. The sensitivity of the rapid visual test when assessed visually was 98 ± 1%. The specificity (proportion of nonpregnant cows classified correctly) for the plasma, milk, and rapid visual was 94 ± 2%, 94 ± 2%, and 93 ± 2% when an OD was used. When read visually, the specificity of the rapid visual test was lesser (85 ± 3%) because some cows with faint visual signals yielded false positive diagnosis. The overall accuracy (proportion of pregnant and nonpregnant cows diagnosed correctly) was similar for all tests (plasma, milk, rapid visual OD, and rapid visual; 96 ± 1, 95 ± 1, 94 ± 1, and 92 ± 2%, respectively). In a second experiment, lactating Holstein cows (n = 291) from 4 commercial confinement dairy farms in western Kentucky were tested 25 to 95 d after AI using the rapid visual test. The OD of the rapid visual test followed the known profile for PAG in circulation during the first trimester of pregnancy. The conclusion is that the rapid visual test has equal sensitivity and accuracy as existing PAG tests. A slightly lower specificity was found when the rapid visual test was read visually.

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Comparison of a commercial bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA test and a pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radiomimmunoassay test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows

Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows

Early pregnancy diagnosis using a commercial ELISA test based on pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in Holstein-Friesian heifers and lactating cows

Technical note: Validation of a chemical pregnancy test in dairy cows that uses whole blood, shortened incubation times, and visual readout

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