Comparison of 4th and 5th generation district heating systems

Guðmundsson, Oddgeir; Dyrelund, Anders; Thorsen, Jan Eric

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124609004

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Lower-temperature DH systems will allow for utilising low-temperature waste heat sources since those are the most widely available [33]. Previous authors have defined four generations of DH systems and an additional ultra-low DH system concept attributed as a type of fourth-generation DH (4GDH) system or a fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) system in some studies [34,35]. The 4GDH system is based on a broader integration of different RES and operations with a low-temperature heat carrier-about 50-70 • C. It reduces the heating network heat losses, expands the energy efficiency of energy conversion technologies [36], and makes it easier to use waste heat in DH systems.…”

Section: Waste Heat Integration Into Dh Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems

Pakere,

Blumberga,

Volkova

et al. 2023

Energies

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To recover thermal energy from different sources, its quality and possibilities for utilisation are essential. The wide range of engineering solutions includes a direct connection to the district heating (DH) system and the integration of low-quality heat using heat pumps to increase the temperature level of recoverable heat. Therefore, this article compares waste heat valorisation strategies for integration into existing DH networks, low-temperature DH, and ultra-low heat supply systems using the multi-criteria assessment method. In addition, a local scale assessment was performed to identify the waste heat role in existing RES-based DH systems. The results show that the highest waste heat valorisation rate could be reached when integrated into low-temperature DH systems due to high waste heat potential and suitable temperature conditions. However, a local scale assessment shows a significant impact on the already implemented solar technologies, as waste heat could cover around 70% of the summer heat load.

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Section: Waste Heat Integration Into Dh Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems

Pakere,

Blumberga,

Volkova

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…5GDHC networks are those where the heat exchanging fluid is water or brine at ambient temperature (close to that of the medium through which it is transported, between <0 • C and 20 • C, typically [85,86]), and small-to-medium-sized HPs are installed at each building of the network to provide heating, cooling, and DHW. Several review papers have contributed decisively to define the concept and to identify examples around the world [16,85,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. From these works, the most representative changes with respect to traditional DH schemes are summarized below:…”

Section: Modern Dhc Installations: 5gdhc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is accurate to equate the terms LTDH and 4GDH, it is not so with ULTDH and 5GDHC. In [90], a clear distinction is made between ULTDH and 5GDHC networks, which are defined as ambient-temperature DH (ATDH) networks. In fact, LTDH and ULTDH can be considered as two subcategories of 4GDH [87], so any reference to "low"-or "ultra-low"-temperature networks should be avoided when referring to 5GDHC networks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe

et al. 2022

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This document presents a comprehensive review of research works, regulatory frameworks, technical solutions, and commercial trends related to the integration of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) technologies in modern 5th-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. This literature and market analysis is contextualized by the present geopolitical, environmental, and societal scenario in Europe. In this sense, decarbonization of the heating and cooling sector is a crucial piece in the energy transition puzzle to keep global warming below the critical threshold of 1.5 °C by the next century. Moreover, Ukraine war has added urgency to end up with fossil fuel dependency. The most relevant outcome of this literature review is the synergistic relationship between SGE, 5GDHC networks, and urban environments. SGE is most efficiently deployed in urban environments when it is part of a district heating and cooling network, and the modern concept of 5GDHC is the most suitable scenario for it. Since the potential contribution of SGE to the decarbonization of the heating and cooling supply is mostly untapped across Europe, this synergistic effect represents a possible boost. Hybridization with solar photovoltaics and/or storage makes it even more attractive. Outstanding cases are reviewed, challenges for the future are presented, and tools to overcome social reluctance and/or lack of awareness are described, along with a discussion of the stimuli for the deployment of SGE and 5GDHC networks. A particular focus on Mediterranean countries is presented, where SGE systems and DHC networks of any kind show a particularly low deployment compared to the rest of Europe. To this end, the second part of this work evaluates, justifies, and analyzes the possibilities and potentialities of their application in this zone.

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“…According to Li and Nord [24,43], intelligent district heating systems, and thus, also their fourth generation, consist of three general parts: the physical installation, the Internet of Things, and intelligent decisionmaking systems. The assembly and integration of these elements may be beneficial in terms of flexibility of the needs of buildings since their concrete structures are used as short-term heat accumulation systems [44,45].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature Regarding Conditions For Energy Tra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between the third and the fifth generation of district heating systems is so huge that the return temperature in the third generation could constitute supply temperature in the fifth generation. Such a solution has been proposed in the urban renovation plan for the Hertogensite district in Leuven (Belgium) [45][46][47].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature Regarding Conditions For Energy Tra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for Network Smart City Management—The Case Study of Potential Possibility of Managing Energy and Associated Emissions in Metropolitan Areas

et al. 2022

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The article uses the case study of a polycentric metropolitan area as a starting point for a debate about the available tools for managing the network aspects of intelligent cities. We show that the construction of talents, the development of knowledge among officials and inhabitants, and technological tools such as Hubgrade (which allows for heat delivery process control, supervision, inspection, and results in emission reduction) are prerequisites for the sustainable development of cities. It is critical to understand that technological solutions are insufficient to accomplish such a task. Relevant stakeholders need to consciously take advantage of technological tools and build and utilise 4T potential and the self-learning capabilities of the organisations. An inherent feature of an organisation, such as a city, is cooperation between the people who build it. The main challenges of cities includes the reduction of pollutants resulting from the use of transport, heat sources, or energy production. In many cities, an efficient manner of reducing carbon dioxide emissions is to limit the consumption of thermal energy. In order to simultaneously maintain thermal comfort, in this situation, it is necessary to use intelligent technologies. The paper includes research related to the knowledge and development of 4T potentials (technology, trust, talent, tolerance) and to networking expansion by introducing the automated Hubgrade system, used in Warsaw district heating, into a similar metropolitan area. Along with an increase in the significance of relations, information, and knowledge as a key organisational resource, cities, as organisations, have become an important element of contemporary communities and organisations. They have the possibility of a positive climate change. The possibility of cooperation and networking between people forming an organisation is its inherent feature, such as in the Hubgrade project. Conclusions and recommendations are drawn for the analysed case—linking 4T potentials and the Hubgrade system—with the potential for future generalisations and extrapolations. The authors performed a simulation of possible energy savings and the reduction of harmful emissions in Metropolis GZM.

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Comparison of 4th and 5th generation district heating systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems

Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems

Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe

Tools for Network Smart City Management—The Case Study of Potential Possibility of Managing Energy and Associated Emissions in Metropolitan Areas

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