Comparison between two tests of delayed recall for the diagnosis of dementia

Takada, Leonel Tadao; Caramelli, Paulo; Fichman, Helenice Charchat; Porto, Cláudia Sellitto; Bahia, Valéria Santoro; Anghinah, Renato; Carthery‐Goulart, Maria Teresa; Radanovic, Márcia; Smid, Jerusa; Herrera, Emílio; Nitrini, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2006000100008

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Few validation studies on these tests have been conducted. One such report was a case-control study by Takada et al (2006), in which the accuracy of two dementia diagnostic tests (DR-BCSB and DR-CERAD) was compared. The DR-BCSB showed higher accuracy than the DR-CERAD among illiterate subjects, similar accuracy among literate subjects, and a statistical trend toward higher accuracy in the entire population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data and construct validity of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Brazilian elderly population.

Fichman

Dias

Fernandes

et al. 2010

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is an episodic memory test that is influenced by demographic variables, such as age, education, and gender. Classic word list learning has also been well documented to be an experimental cognitive paradigm that is very useful for the detection of Alzheimer's disease. The present study analyzed the performance of healthy elderly subjects on the RAVLT, describing the effects of age, education, and gender. To verify its construct validity, the RAVLT was compared with delayed recall and recognition scores on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (DR-BCSB). The sample comprised 183 cognitively healthy elderly subjects from outpatient care units of two university reference centers in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil. All participants were subjected to physical and neurological evaluation and neuropsychological assessment. Pearson's correlation and Student's t-test were used to investigate the influence of demographic variables on RAVLT performance. To verify convergent-type construct validity, a correlation between RAVLT and DR-BCSB scores was calculated. Significant correlations were found between age and ∑A1-A5 (r = -.383, p < .01), A5-A1 (r = -.054, p < .01), A7 (r = -.361, p < .01), and REC A (r = -.288, p < .01). Educational level correlated with ∑A1-A5 (r = .405, p < .01), A5-A1 (r = .184, p < .01), A7 (r = .334, p < .01), and REC A (r = .329, p < .01). No correlation was found between gender and RAVLT performance. A significant correlation was also found between RAVLT and DR-BCSB performance (r = .5, p < .01). These results revealed some normative data and convergent-type construct validity of the RAVLT for a Brazilian elderly population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data and construct validity of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Brazilian elderly population.

Fichman

Dias

Fernandes

et al. 2010

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…Cognitive function was assessed using a two-stage screening process (sequential testing) to increase the accuracy of the evaluation, thereby enhancing the specificity of the measurement 14,15 . The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was first administered to all participants 16,17 .…”

Section: Assessment Of Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was first administered to all participants 16,17 . Those who tested positive for altered cognition then underwent the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 14,15 . Only those participants who tested positive for altered cognition on both on tests were classified as having cognitive impairment 14,15 .…”

Section: Assessment Of Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those who tested positive for altered cognition then underwent the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 14,15 . Only those participants who tested positive for altered cognition on both on tests were classified as having cognitive impairment 14,15 . The cutoff scores for MMSE were 17/18 for illiterate participants, 20/21 for those with one to four years of schooling, 23/24 for those with five to eight years and 25/26 for those with nine or more years of schooling 14,18 .…”

Section: Assessment Of Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frailty and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly

Alencar¹,

Dias²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Frailty is an important geriatric syndrome that results from a reduction in the reserves of multiple systems, leading to a state of increased vulnerability to stressors 1,2 . Frailty is generally associated with an increased risk of functional decline, institutionalization, hospitalization, and death 1-3 and has therefore been described as an important clinical and public health problem that merits further study 1 .Recent studies have identified an association between frailty and subsequent cognitive decline in 3-and 12-year cohorts 4,[6][7][8] . Moreover, associations have been found between frailty and an increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment 7 and Alzheimer's diease 6 . In a study involving frail older adults with and without cognitive impairment, Ávila-Funes et al. 5 report that cognitive impairment increases the predictive validity of frailty for the occurrence of adverse outcomes in a four-year period.Longitudinal studies report that the progression rate of cognitive impairment among older adults ranges from 1 to 2% a year 9 . Moreover, older adults with cognitive impairment progress to more severe stages on an annual basis and the conversion rate to dementia can reach 10 to 30% a year 10,11 . However, there is little knowledge on the factors related to progressive cognitive impairment within a one-year period and whether this progression is associated with frailty. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the association between frailty and cognitive impairment within a short period of time may assist in establishing strategies aimed at prevention and treatment.Study carried out at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. AbstrActThe aim was to evaluate associations between frailty status and cognitive decline and the incidence of cognitive impairment over 12-month period. Two hundred seven older adults were assessed. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following criteria: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low level of activity. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Relative risk (RR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Frailty was associated with subsequent cognitive decline in 12-month when assessed using the MMSE (p=0.005; RR=4.6; 95%CI 1.93-11.2). No association was found between frailty and cognitive decline measured by the CDR (p=0.393; RR=2.1; 95%CI 0.68-6.7) or between frailty and the incidence of cognitive impairment (p=0.675; RR=1.2; 95%CI 0.18-8.3). These findings reveal an association between frailty and subsequent cognitive decline when measured by the MMSE, even within a short period of time.Key words: aged, frail elderly dementia.resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre fragilidade e o declínio cognitivo e a incidência de alteração cognitiva, em 12 meses. Foram avaliados 207 idosos. Fragilidade foi definida como ter pelo menos três dos critérios: perda de peso, fraqueza, exaustão, lentidão e baixo nível de atividad...

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“…15 Functional illiterates are likely to have signifi cant diffi culties with routine reading requirements, such as those in pill bottles, appointment slips, self-care instructions, and health education brochures. 8,12,13,22,24 This problem affects the health care system, because, by not managing health problems effectively, these individuals are prone to require more appointments and to have higher hospitalization rates, implying extra-costs for the system. There are several levels of functional literacy and many instruments have been especially designed with the purpose of identifying and measuring those levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance of a Brazilian population on the test of functional health literacy in adults

et al. 2009

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Desempenho de uma população brasileira no teste de alfabetização funcional para adultos na área de saúde ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To analyze the scoring obtained by an instrument, which evaluates the ability to read and understand items in the health care setting, according to education and age. METHODS:The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was administered to 312 healthy participants of different ages and years of schooling. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2007, in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The test includes actual materials such as pill bottles and appointment slips and measures reading comprehension, assessing the ability to read and correctly pronounce a list of words and understand both prose passages and numerical information. Pearson partial correlations and a multiple regression model were used to verify the association between its scores and education and age. RESULTS:The mean age of the sample was 47.3 years (SD=16.8) and the mean education was 9.7 years (SD=5; range: 1 -17). A total of 32.4% of the sample showed literacy/numeracy defi cits, scoring in the inadequate and marginal functional health literacy ranges. Among the elderly (65 years or older) this rate increased to 51.6%. There was a positive correlation between schooling and scores (r=0.74; p<0.01) and a negative correlation between age and the scores (r=-0.259; p<0.01). The correlation between the scores and age was not signifi cant when the effects of education were held constant (rp=-0.031, p=0.584). A signifi cant association (B=3.877, Beta=0.733; p<0.001) was found between schooling and scores. Age was not a signifi cant predictor in this model p=0.584). CONCLUSIONS:The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was a suitable tool to assess health literacy in the study population. The high number of individuals classifi ed as functional illiterates in this test highlights the importance of special assistance to help them properly understand directions for healthcare.

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Comparison between two tests of delayed recall for the diagnosis of dementia

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Normative data and construct validity of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Brazilian elderly population.

Normative data and construct validity of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in a Brazilian elderly population.

Frailty and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly

Performance of a Brazilian population on the test of functional health literacy in adults

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