Comparison between precision roughness master specimens and their electroformed replicas

Surface metrology algorithm testing system

“…Types of surface profiles stored in the database include a numerically generated, uncorrelated random profile; a sinusoidal profile, a square wave; an impulse; three traces from ASME B46 type-D roughness specimens [2,17]; and random roughness profile specimens with a hard coating and without coating. They were replicated from the master specimen made by Song et al [20]. For 3D surface topography images, numerically generated random surfaces [7] and a sinusoidal surface are currently available in the database.…”

Traceability for ballistics signature measurements in forensic science

“…The SRM Casings are manufactured by the electro-forming technique which has a long history for replication of surface specimens [14]. A master specimen is put into an electrolytic tank for replication of a negative replica on the surface of the master.…”

Topography measurements for determining the decay factors in surface replication

“…If the anodes are made from the same metal as is being deposited from the solution, they can be made to dissolve and thereby supply the metal for the deposit, thus avoiding depletion of the closer metallic ions in the solution and a consequent need for frequent topping up with the metallic salt. In electro-forming, the intention is to build up a heavy deposit of metal on the cathodes rather than just a thin coating, and this difference means that certain precautions are necessary in order to avoid stress and other problems [1].…”

“…A master specimen is put into a tank with electrolytes to produce a negative replica on the surface of the master. By repeating the same process on the negative replica, a positive replica is produced with the same surface topography as the master specimen [1]. NIST plans to use this technique for the production of SRM 2461 standard casings to support the nationwide ballistics measurement traceability and measurement quality control in the US.…”