“…As Mazzeo and Krull [2] summarized in their paper, there are quite a few materials based on boronate phase, including silica [3,4,10,17], polyacrylamide [5-7, 9,11,13,14], agarose [7,15,22], cellulose [6,15,17,21], polyacrylate [19], and porous glass [15]. A few fundamental conditions must be met in order for the material to be used in high performance ligand affinity chromatography (HPLAC) columns, First, the boronate phases must be stable to alkaline environments since alkaline eluents are used.…”