Comparison Between Non‐equilibrium Atmospheric‐Pressure and Low‐Pressure Plasma Treatments of Poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) Elastomers

Tyczkowski, J.; Zieliński, Jakub; Kopa, Agnieszka; Krawczyk, I.; Woźniak, B.

doi:10.1002/ppap.200930903

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Bhowmik et al have revealed that higher incorporation of oxygen functionalities have been obtained, when polypropylene surface is exposed to DC glow discharge under stainless steel electrode fol lowed by nickel and copper electrodes as evident from XPS studies and these oxygen functionalities have been transformed into various polar functional groups and which has been attributed to increase in surface energy of the polymer leading to increase in adhesion [25]. Tyczkowski et al [26] have investigated low pres sure plasma generated in a typical parallel plate reactor and atmospheric pressure plasma produced by a plasma needle to modify the surface of poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (SBS) elastomers. It has been found that such plasma treatments drastically improve the strength of adhesive bonded joints between the SBS surfaces and polyurethane adhesives; however, the plasma needle operation under atmospheric pres sure plasma has turned out to be more effective.…”

Section: Effect Of Surface Energy On the Lap Shear Tensilementioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Bhatnagar

Jha

Bhowmik

et al. 2012

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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Abstract-In this work, the effect of low pressure plasma and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on sur face properties and adhesion characteristics of high performance polymer, Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) are investigated in terms of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X ray photoelectron spectros copy (XPS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The experimental results show that the PEEK surface treated by atmospheric pressure plasma lead to an increase in the polar component of the surface energy, resulting in improving the adhesion characteristics of the PEEK/Epoxy adhesive system. Also, the roughness of the treated surfaces is largely increased as confirmed by AFM observation. These results can be explained by the fact that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of PEEK surface yields several oxygen function alities on hydrophobic surface, which play an important role in increasing the surface polarity, wettability, and the adhesion characteristics of the PEEK/Epoxy adhesive system.

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Section: Effect Of Surface Energy On the Lap Shear Tensilementioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Bhatnagar

Jha

Bhowmik

et al. 2012

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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“…Radiation‐based treatments (corona discharge,6–8 ultraviolet,9, 10 low11–17 and atmospheric pressure or plasma torch18, 19 plasmas) for surface modification of rubber have been proved to be efficient to improve wettability and adhesion properties. In the case of plasma treatments, the gas nature, the time of treatment and the reactor configuration, among other, determine the extent of surface modification of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Configuration of the Plasma Chamber on the Surface Modification of Synthetic Vulcanized Rubber Treated with Low‐pressure Oxygen RF Plasma

Torregrosa-Coque

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2011

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Three different configurations of RF low‐pressure oxygen plasmas were used to modify the surface of vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber. Direct, etching and downstream oxygen plasma treatments of the rubber were carried out for length of treatment between 1 and 10 min. The oxygen plasma treated rubber surfaces were characterized by ethylene glycol contact angle measurements, ATR‐IR and XPS spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesion of the oxygen plasma treated rubber to polyurethane adhesive was carried out by means of T‐peel test and the loci of failure of the joints were characterized by means of ATR‐IR spectroscopy. Three different oxygen plasma configurations obtained by changing the position of the rubber sample in the plasma chamber and by changing the shelves (power, ground, floating) were used to modify the extent of surface modification and the temperature reached on rubber surface. The direct oxygen plasma was the most aggressive treatment and the secondary downstream plasma the less one. The increase in the length of the oxygen plasma treatment allowed the most efficient removal of antiozonant paraffin wax from the as‐received rubber. Furthermore, the oxygen plasma treatments created CO moieties on the rubber surface. On the other hand, only 1 min treatment time was sufficient to decrease noticeably the contact angle value on the rubber surface, irrespective of the oxygen plasma chamber configuration and the length of treatment. Oxygen plasma treatment caused surface oxidation and ablation on the rubber surface, as well as an increase of the temperature that also determined the extent of paraffin wax migration, the migration was favoured for temperature higher than 45 °C. Finally, the migration of paraffin wax was produced for at least 24 h after oxygen plasma treatment and poor adhesion to polyurethane adhesive was obtained, due to the creation of a weak boundary layer of paraffin wax at the rubber–polyurethane interface. The migration of paraffin wax caused during plasma treatment was the dominant factor in decreasing the adhesion of rubber to polyurethane adhesive.

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“…In this context, Tyczkowski et al [12] have investigated low-pressure plasma generated in a typical parallel plate reactor and atmospheric pressure plasma produced by a plasma needle to modify the surface of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) elastomers. An RF discharge (13.56 MHz) in helium was used in the both cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam modification of space durable polymeric nano-adhesive bonding of ultra-high temperature resistant polymer

Bhatnagar¹,

Pyngrope²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2011

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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This investigation highlights fabrication of ultra-high temperature resistant polymers such as polybenzimidazole (PBI) by high-performance nano-adhesive. High-performance nanoadhesive is prepared by dispersing carbon nano-fi bers into ultra-high temperature resistant epoxy adhesive. Prior to fabrication of PBI, the surface of PBI is ultrasonically cleaned by acetone and then modifi ed by atmospheric pressure plasma with 30, 60 and 90 s of exposure and low-pressure plasma with 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 s of exposure. Surface characterization of the unmodifi ed and modifi ed PBI sheets is carried out by contact angle measurements and surface energy of the polymer is estimated. It is observed that the polar component of surface energy leading to total surface energy of the polymer increases signifi cantly when exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma. Tensile lap shear strength of adhesive bonded PBI reveals that atmospheric pressure plasma is more useful than low-pressure plasma in terms of adhesive bond strength of PBI and increases further when fabricated by nano-carbon fi bers dispersed epoxy adhesive. The nano-adhesive bonded PBI sheets are post-cured by electron beam radiation under the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor. Post curing under electron beam radiation further increases the adhesive bond strength considerably.

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Comparison Between Non‐equilibrium Atmospheric‐Pressure and Low‐Pressure Plasma Treatments of Poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) Elastomers

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Influence of the Configuration of the Plasma Chamber on the Surface Modification of Synthetic Vulcanized Rubber Treated with Low‐pressure Oxygen RF Plasma

Electron beam modification of space durable polymeric nano-adhesive bonding of ultra-high temperature resistant polymer

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