Comparison between maternal and neonatal outcome of PPROM in the cases of amniotic fluid index (AFI) of more and less than 5 cm

Abstract

The study was performed on pregnant women with a gestational age of 26-32 weeks of pregnancy, who had been admitted to the hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes. In all eligible women, ultrasounds were performed for the evaluation of amniotic fluid index. Then, the women were divided into two groups according to amniotic fluid index of ≥5 cm and <5 cm. These women were followed and monitored up to delivery. The women of the two groups did not have significant difference between them according to age, gestational age at the time of ruptured membrane, body mass index, gravidity, parity, gestational age at delivery and route of delivery. Maternal morbidities including chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, uterine atony after delivery and retention of placenta did not show significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups' amniotic fluid index <5 cm and amniotic fluid index ≥5 cm, regarding neonatal morbidities, except for neonatal sepsis and neonatal death, which were higher in the amniotic fluid index <5 cm group [7(14.6%) versus 1(2.3%), p = .039, RR = 7.7 (95%CI 0.04-0.06) and 11(30.9%) versus 2(4.7%), p = .013, RR = 6.095 (95%CI = 1.26-29.31)]. In the subgroups of two categories of gestational ages of 26-29 and 30-34, neonatal morbidities were higher in the amniotic fluid index <5 cm group. The results suggest that amniotic fluid index <5 cm should be considered as a warning sign for predicting poor prognosis of pregnancy complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? In a retrospective study in 1993, the relationship between oligohydramnios (which was defined as the largest single packet of fluid less than 2 × 2 cm) at the time of hospital admission, and the outcome of mother, foetus and neonates in a gestational age of less than 35 weeks of pregnancy was evaluated. In the oligohydramnios group, chorioamnionitis and funistis were more common. Also, the mean gestational age at the time of delivery and neonatal weight was less than that of the normal amniotic fluid group. According to these results, it was concluded that a low amniotic fluid volume in the women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) can be considered as a prognostic factor in the cases of conservative management of PPROM. In contrast, the other study, which was performed on a larger sample size (290 patients), could not show more cases of amnionitis in the cases of amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than 5 cm; however, the latency period was shorter in comparison with AFI of more than 5 cm. What do the results of this study add? Chorioamnionitis, placental abruption and uterine atony after delivery, retention of placenta and route of delivery did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), need of surfactant and intubation, intra ventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and duration of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission did not show ...

Factors associated with neonatal outcomes in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes after cervical cerclage

“…Furthermore, the results from the present study revealed that oligohydramnios was a risk factor for neonatal mortality, which is consistent with two recent studies by Souza et al . and Mousavi et al . In the present study, the cut‐off value of AFI for lowest neonatal mortality was 5.05 cm using ROC curve analysis.…”

“…These findings are consistent with previous studies. 3 Furthermore, the results from the present study revealed that oligohydramnios was a risk factor for neonatal mortality, which is consistent with two recent studies by Souza et al 3 and Mousavi et al 22 In the present study, the cut-off value of AFI for lowest neonatal mortality was 5.05 cm using ROC curve analysis. This finding is consistent with the definition of oligohydramnios as an AFI less than 5 cm.…”

Placenta, secret witness of infant morbidities: the relationship between placental histology and outcome of the premature infant

“…Current evidence has shown the higher risk of RDS in infants with placental abruption, and it is already known that CA decreases the risk of RDS (36,37). In contrast, we did not find any relationship between CA and risk of RDS (26,38).…”

“…Infectious and inflammatory events such as clinical CA may be a risk factor for NEC, IVH, and PDA (26,46,47). However, as supported with our results, CA might not always be related to severe morbidities like NEC, IVH, PDA and mortality (26,28,38,48). Retinopathy of prematurity is another adverse effect of preterm delivery that is particularly related to inflammatory lesions in the placenta (3).…”

The association of the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with perinatal fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

“…journals.viamedica.pl/ginekologia_polska AFI < 5 cm vs AFI > 5 cm groups, whereas a higher frequency of 1-min Apgar scores < 7, neonatal sepsis and early neonatal mortality in AFI < 3 cm vs AFI > 3 cm groups [8]. Association of AFI scores < 5 cm with increased risk of chorioamnionitis and early onset neonatal sepsis [20,21] as well as an association of AFI scores with APGAR scores, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and maternal chorioamnionitis [15] were also reported in other studies.…”