Comparing the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in human milk after homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations

Mulleners, Sien J.; Juncker, Hannah G.; Ruhé, Eliza J. M.; Kőrösi, Anikó; Goudoever, Johannes B. van; Gils, Marit J. van; Keulen, Britt J. van

doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04455-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Notably, in this paper we show a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG within human milk post-booster immunization. Similar observations have been described by other researchers studying the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines (32)(33)(34)(35). IgG in milk was highly correlated to the increase in IgG present in the plasma post-booster.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro

Valcarce,

Stafford,

Neu

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundFacilitated by the inability to vaccinate, and an immature immune system, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death among children. Vaccinated lactating mothers produce specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their milk, capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. Our objective for this study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 booster dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration and viral neutralization in milk, plasma, and infant stool.MethodsThirty-nine mothers and 25 infants were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2022. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool were collected at various time-points up to 12 months following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup of 14 mothers received a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed.ResultsBooster vaccination led to significantly higher IgG levels within human milk and breastfed infants' stool. In vitro neutralization of VSV-gfp-SARS-CoV-2-S-gp, a laboratory safe SARS-CoV-2 like pseudovirus, improved following the booster, with a 90% increase in plasma neutralization and a 60% increase in milk neutralization. We found that post-booster neutralization by human milk was highly correlated to SARS-CoV-2 IgG level. In support of our correlation result, Protein G column depletion of IgG in milk yielded a significant reduction in viral neutralization (p = 0.04).DiscussionThe substantial increase in neutralizing IgG levels in milk and breastfed infants' stool post-booster, coupled with the decrease in milk neutralization capabilities upon IgG depletion, underscores the efficacy of booster doses in augmenting the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro

Valcarce,

Stafford,

Neu

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Finally, human milk offers passive immunity to the breastfed infant by transferring disease-specific antibodies, mostly IgA ( 40 ). The same has been observed for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies ( 41 ) and a recent study has likewise proposed that breastmilk are conferring immunity to infants against COVID-19 ( 42 ). However, the extent of breastmilk-derived protection against COVID-19 and how this relates to the antibodies residing in fetal blood remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD and anti-N protein responses are differentially regulated between mother-child pairs: insight from a national study cohort at the Faroe Islands

Jarlhelt,

Hansen,

Pérez-Alós

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundKnowledge about SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics in neonates and direct comparisons with maternal antibody responses are not well established. This study aimed to characterize and directly compare the maternal and infant antibody response in a national birth cohort from the Faroe Islands.MethodsThe levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 were investigated in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood from neonates. The study included 537 neonates and 565 mothers from the Faroe Islands, and follow-up samples were collected 12 months after birth. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations of maternal parameters with maternal and neonatal Ig levels and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe finding showed that neonates acquired varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through transplacental transfer, and the levels were significantly influenced by the mother’s vaccination and infection status. The study also found that maternal vaccination and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting spike RBD were associated with gestational age and APGAR scores. Furthermore, the anti-RBD and -N protein-specific antibody response dynamics during 12 months after birth exhibited differences between mothers and children. RBD and N protein responses were maintained at follow-up in the mother’s cohort, while only the N protein response was maintained at follow-up in the children’s cohort.ConclusionIn conclusion, SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in newborns rely on maternal immunity, while the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific Igs appears to be differently regulated between mothers and children. The study provides new insights into the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in newborns and underscores the nuanced relationship between maternal factors and neonatal humoral responses.

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Comparing the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in human milk after homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro

COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro

SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD and anti-N protein responses are differentially regulated between mother-child pairs: insight from a national study cohort at the Faroe Islands

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