Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Levy, Mike; Dewey, Catherine E.; Poljak, Zvonimir; Weersink, Alfons; Mutua, Florence

doi:10.5897/ajar12.2174

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These findings are similar to others who report the ability of smallholder farming widows in western Kenya to do "everything [related to the pig enterprise] all by herself " [30]. Moreover, other researchers report that in western Kenya, 46% females and 54% males negotiated the selling price with butchers indicating men and women are both involved in pig sales in east Africa [60].…”

Section: Deception and Evasionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Men and women farmers’ perceptions of adopting improved diets for pigs in Uganda: decision-making, income allocation, and intra-household strategies that mitigate relative disadvantage

Carter

Humphries

Ouma³

et al. 2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Background:The roles and responsibilities of men and women in east African smallholder pig-raising households and the entitlements each can claim from pig-enterprise income are unknown. The article is a qualitative genderand-household-head-disaggregated exploration of Ugandan smallholder pig farmers' perceptions. Asset ownership, control, and access; division of labour; and decision-making related to pig rearing and pig-enterprise income are presented in the context of the potential impact of adopting improved diets for pigs (a productivity improvement).Results: Potential benefits of improved diet adoption included faster pig growth; increased farmer income and pig population; new on-farm employment and produce market opportunities; and improved pig market opportunities and family-and community-level well-being. Contradictory views about the potential impact of diet adoption on labour requirements and feed costs, and the inclusion of seasonal, home-grown ingredients were expressed. Concerns about people and pigs competing for food and personal safety were also voiced. Women allocated pig-enterprise income to provide for their children, household, and extended family, and spent only the remaining income on themselves. Men allocated income to meet personal needs, and to provide for their children, wife, second wife/family, extended family, and lovers. Men and women in female-headed households (WFHH) had overt decision-making ability over the pig enterprise and pig-enterprise income. Some women in male-headed households (WMHH) had overt decision-making ability over the pig enterprise and pig-enterprise income when their husband allowed it, or failed to provide, or was away. Pig ownership and labour investment by WMHH did not guarantee that women had decisionmaking ability or benefitted from pig-enterprise income. Some WMHH employed covert strategies which mitigated their relative disadvantage. Threat of domestic violence inhibited the decision-making ability of WMHH. Polygyny reduced intra-household communication transparency.

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Section: Deception and Evasionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Men and women farmers’ perceptions of adopting improved diets for pigs in Uganda: decision-making, income allocation, and intra-household strategies that mitigate relative disadvantage

Carter

Humphries

Ouma³

et al. 2017

Agric & Food Secur

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“…The main marketing channel was from producer-trader-supermarket-hotel/restaurant-consumer. In agreement with the current study, In Western Kenya, pigs are not sold in a central market; instead, butchers purchased pigs directly from the smallholder farmer at the farm gate (Levy et al, 2014). Unlike to Ethiopian, live pigs are sold at local village markets to intermediate traders in Nigeria (Ajala and Adesehinwa, 2008).…”

Section: Source Of Pork Supplysupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In North western Ethiopia, pigs are sold for external markets as pork is not consumed by local community (Mekuriaw & Asmare, 2014). In western areas of Kenya pork is sold in local shops either as raw pork or as cooked pork where most of butchers (59%) sold raw pork but 41% of them sold cooked pork (Levy et al, 2014). This study found that pork marketing was less competent as compared to beef marketing ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Pork Vs Other Meat Types Marketingmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…None of the pork products selling were significant (P>0.05) across the three scales of suppliers. In the western areas of Kenya, pig butcher are responsible for the coordination of activities and people necessary to transform pigs into marketable pork (Levy et al, 2014). Similar to Ethiopian pork producers and retailers, in Nigeria, pork retailers have higher market margin than the wholesalers since they processed pork into different value added products (Ajala and Adesehinwa, 2008).…”

Section: Pork Vs Other Meat Types Marketingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pork Supply, Marketing and Challenges in Ethiopia

Zemelak

Ermias²,

Tewodros³

et al. 2018

JFI

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The study was conducted to characterize pork and pork products marketing and challenges in Ethiopia. Multistage random sampling procedure was applied to select a total of 40 pork retailers from six towns. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information through face to face interview. Pork retailers were clustered into three categories as small scale (sell <5kg pork per day), medium scale (sell 5-10kg pork per day) and large scale (sell >10kg pork per day) based on quantities of pork selling per day. Collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical procedures of SAS and SPSS software packages. The result showed that the quantity of pork products sold per day was too small. About 61.5, 15.4 and 23.1% of pork retailers were selling <5, 5-10 and >1 kg of pork products per day in small, medium and large scale retailers, respectively. In most cases, pork was sold in the form of mortadella, sausage and salami. In addition to pork selling, almost all of the pork retailers were selling one or more other meat types such as beef, mutton, goat meat, fish and chicken. About 92.3% of the pork retailers were selling both beef and chicken meat, and 79.5, 48.7 and 10.3% of them were selling fish, mutton, and goat meat, respectively. The average price (followed by SE) of a kilo gram of pork was 162(6.3), 164(4.0) and 172(6.0) Ethiopian Birr (ranging 7.5 to 8 USD per kg of pork) in small, medium and large scale pork retailers, respectively. The presence of few pork consumers, lack of formal central markets and public complain against pork consumption were the major challenges observed in pig and pork marketing value chain. In concussion, the findings of this study will improve awareness on existing pork marketing systems in Ethiopia and provide valuable information that can support future interventions aiming to solve key challenges in the market value chain.

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“…Importantly, we also find that the distances that free range pigs move on a daily basis (mean of 4.1 km during daylight and 4.5 km at night) are likely to entail high energy expenditure. Mature pigs 6–10 months old presenting at slaughter in this region have been found to have mean live weights at the abattoir of 30 kg, giving a dressed weight of only 22.5 kg and earning the farmer only 2,000–2,500 KES [60], equivalent to US$24–29 per animal. Encouraging the confinement of pigs is likely to improve feed conversion and weight gain, by both reducing un-necessary energy expenditure as well as limiting parasite burden through environmental exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial ecology of free-ranging domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in western Kenya

et al. 2013

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BackgroundIn many parts of the developing world, pigs are kept under low-input systems where they roam freely to scavenge food. These systems allow poor farmers the opportunity to enter into livestock keeping without large capital investments. This, combined with a growing demand for pork, especially in urban areas, has led to an increase in the number of small-holder farmers keeping free range pigs as a commercial enterprise. Despite the benefits which pig production can bring to a household, keeping pigs under a free range system increases the risk of the pig acquiring diseases, either production-limiting or zoonotic in nature. This study used Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to track free range domestic pigs in rural western Kenya, in order to understand their movement patterns and interactions with elements of the peri-domestic environment.ResultsWe found that these pigs travel an average of 4,340 m in a 12 hr period and had a mean home range of 10,343 m2 (range 2,937–32,759 m2) within which the core utilisation distribution was found to be 964 m2 (range 246–3,289 m2) with pigs spending on average 47% of their time outside their homestead of origin.ConclusionThese are the first data available on the home range of domestic pigs kept under a free range system: the data show that pigs in these systems spend much of their time scavenging outside their homesteads, suggesting that these pigs may be exposed to infectious agents over a wide area. Control policies for diseases such as Taenia solium, Trypanosomiasis, Trichinellosis, Toxoplasmosis or African Swine Fever therefore require a community-wide focus and pig farmers require education on the inherent risks of keeping pigs under a free range system. The work presented here will enable future research to incorporate movement data into studies of disease transmission, for example for the understanding of transmission of African Swine Fever between individuals, or in relation to the life-cycle of parasites including Taenia solium.

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Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Men and women farmers’ perceptions of adopting improved diets for pigs in Uganda: decision-making, income allocation, and intra-household strategies that mitigate relative disadvantage

Men and women farmers’ perceptions of adopting improved diets for pigs in Uganda: decision-making, income allocation, and intra-household strategies that mitigate relative disadvantage

Pork Supply, Marketing and Challenges in Ethiopia

The spatial ecology of free-ranging domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in western Kenya

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