Comparing the effect of cognitive vs. exercise training on brain MRI outcomes in healthy older adults: A systematic review

Intzandt, Brittany; Vrinceanu, Tudor; Huck, Julia; Thomas, Vincent; Montero‐Odasso, Manuel; Gauthier, Claudine; Bherer, Louis

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.003

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…As evidenced by the data from the current and many past reviews (Babaei and Azari, 2021;Chen et al, 2020;Gallardo-Gomez et al, 2022;Gamborg et al, 2022;Gogniat et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2022;Intzandt et al, 2021;Mellow et al, 2020;Quigley et al, 2020;Ruiz-Gonzalez et al, 2021;Sandroff et al, 2020;Tymofiyeva and Gaschler, 2020;Yeh et al, 2021), physical exercise can favorably modify markers of NP and measures of cognitive function at the group level. However, it has been difficult to establish a mechanistic or causative link between exercise-induced NP and cognition at the participant level.…”

Section: Association Between Np Cognition and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indeed, low-intensity walking increased: gray matter volume in cortical and sub-cortical brain areas; microstructural integrity in several white matter tracts; cortical and hippocampal gray matter volume, and reduced white matter lesions in a correlated manner with improvements in aerobic fitness (Best et al, 2015;Burzynska et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2020;Mendez Colmenares et al, 2021;Oberlin et al, 2016). Low-intensity RT and cognitive training were also efficacious to improve cognitive function and markers of NP (Chow et al, 2021;Intzandt et al, 2021). In fact, there is meta-analytical evidence suggesting that exercise, including RT, even below World Health Organization guidelines could provide health and mortality benefits (Bull et al, 2020;Dempsey et al, 2022;Fyfe et al, 2022;Gallardo-Gomez et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Hortobágyi

Vetrovsky

Balbim

et al. 2022

Ageing Research Reviews

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Section: Association Between Np Cognition and Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Hortobágyi

Vetrovsky

Balbim

et al. 2022

Ageing Research Reviews

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“…Exercise promotes cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults. 3,4 However, there is insufficient high quality evidence for exercise as an efficacious intervention for cognitive function in stroke survivors. 5 Notably, no published exercise trial among adults with chronic stroke was designed with cognitive function as the primary outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise Training or Complex Mental and Social Activities on Cognitive Function in Adults With Chronic Stroke

et al. 2022

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ImportanceA stroke doubles one’s risk for dementia. How to promote cognitive function among persons with chronic stroke is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of exercise (EX) or cognitive and social enrichment activities (ENRICH) on cognitive function in adults with chronic stroke.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a 3-group parallel, single-blinded, single-site, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial at a research center in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Participants included community-dwelling adults with chronic stroke, aged 55 years and older, able to walk 6 meters, and without dementia. The trial included a 6-month intervention and a 6-month follow-up. Randomization occurred from June 6, 2014, to February 26, 2019. Measurement occurred at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed from January to November 2021.InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated to twice-weekly supervised classes of: (1) EX, a multicomponent exercise program; (2) ENRICH, a program of cognitive and social enrichment activities; or (3) balance and tone (BAT), a control group that included stretches and light-intensity exercises.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus), which included the 13-item ADAS-Cog, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Digit Span Forward and Backward, Animal Fluency, and Vegetable Fluency.ResultsOne-hundred and twenty participants, with a mean (range) of 1.2 (1-4) strokes, a mean (SD) of 66.5 (53.8) months since the most recent stroke, mean (SD) baseline age of 70 (8) years, mean (SD) baseline ADAS-Cog-Plus of 0.22 (0.81), and 74 (62%) male participants, were randomized to EX (34 participants), ENRICH (34 participants), or BAT (52 participants). Seventeen withdrew during the 6-month intervention and another 7 during the 6-month follow-up. Including all 120 participants, at the end of the 6-month intervention, EX significantly improved ADAS-Cog-Plus performance compared with BAT (estimated mean difference: −0.24; 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.04; P = .02). This difference did not persist at the 6-month follow-up (estimated mean difference: −0.08; 95% CI, −0.29 to 0.12; P = .43). For the 13-item ADAS-Cog, the EX group improved by 5.65 points over the 6-month intervention (95% CI, 2.74 to 8.57 points; P &lt; .001), exceeding the minimally clinical difference of 3.0 points.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that exercise can induce clinically important improvements in cognitive function in adults with chronic stroke. Future studies need to replicate current findings and to understand training parameters, moderators, and mediators to maximize benefits.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01916486

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“…Early work in this field by Chan and colleagues (2014) 33 demonstrated that functional networks tend to become less distinct or less segregated with age. Importantly that same study found that, after controlling for age, network segregation was 38 identified a similarly high proportion of studies which demonstrably improved gray matter volumes, with volumetric increases most commonly observed in frontal and parietal sub regions, as well as the hippocampus. These studies tell a common story: that volumetric change can be reliably induced in older adults via physical skill training, particularly in the hippocampus as well as in gray/white matter regions supportive of the trained task.…”

Section: Targeted Cognitive Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Facilitation of Cognition in Older Adults: Traditional and Non-Traditional Approaches to Inducing Change

Park

Smith

2022

MRAJ

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Plasticity is a concept of major importance in understanding the process of cognitive aging. Differences among individuals in neuroplasticity play an important role in accounting for different trajectories of cognitive change over time. In the present paper, we define neuroplasticity as the ability to change brain and behavior and discuss cognitive training and cognitive engagement as mechanisms of change in the context of The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC). We review evidence for structural and functional plasticity in older adults as a function of different intervention strategies. We suggest that plasticity, particularly as expressed in changes in functional activation or connectivity, can provide a mechanism to remediate the effects of cognitive decline. While evidence that cognition can be preserved or even improved in later life by leveraging residual plasticity is growing, the field has far from a complete understanding of the mechanisms of plasticity and the factors which facilitate its expression, especially in later life.

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Comparing the effect of cognitive vs. exercise training on brain MRI outcomes in healthy older adults: A systematic review

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease

Effect of Exercise Training or Complex Mental and Social Activities on Cognitive Function in Adults With Chronic Stroke

Facilitation of Cognition in Older Adults: Traditional and Non-Traditional Approaches to Inducing Change

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