Comparing PETTLEP imagery against observation imagery on vividness and ease of movement imagery

Abstract

The present study compared the effects of: (a) PETTLEP imagery (e.g. imaging in the environment), (b) prior-observation (i.e. observing prior to imaging), and (c) traditional imagery (e.g. imaging sat in a quiet room) on the ease and vividness of external visual imagery (EVI), internal visual imagery (IVI), and kinaesthetic imagery (KI) of movements. Fifty-two participants (28 female, 24 male, M age = 19.60 years, SD = 1.59) imaged the movements described in the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 under the three conditions in a counterbalanced order. Vividness and ease of imaging ratings were recorded for each movement. A repeated measure MANOVA revealed that ease and vividness ratings for EVI, IVI, and KI were higher during the PETTLEP imagery condition compared to the traditional imagery condition, and vividness of EVI was higher during the observation imagery condition compared to traditional imagery. Findings indicate that incorporating PETTLEP elements into the imagery instructions leads to easier and more vivid movement EVI, IVI, and KI imagery.

Efecto de un programa de práctica imaginada sobre la autoconfianza de futbolistas

“…Al igual que en este estudio, investigaciones previas (Cherappurath et al, 2020;Post, Wrisberg y Mullins 2010;Smith et al, 2001;Williams et al, 2010) reportaron resultados de efectividad al implementar la práctica imaginada, aunque en otros deportes como hockey o baloncesto, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el modelo PETTLEP se ha puesto a prueba en varias ocasiones (Anuar et al, 2016;Anuar et al, 2017;Marshall y Gibson, 2017) y ha demostrado ser una aproximación efectiva para la mejora de la habilidad de imaginería.…”

“…Investigaciones realizadas con este modelo han reportado que la incorporación de los elementos propuestos a la práctica imaginada tiene un impacto positivo en el rendimiento, la conanza y la motivación de los deportistas (Anuar, Williams y Cumming, 2016;Anuar et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2020;Smith et al, 2007). Asimismo, Anuar et al (2016) encontraron una mayor facilidad en la práctica y viveza durante la práctica imaginada con PETTLEP, en comparación con una práctica tradicional. Mientras que Anuar et al (2017) investigaron si los elementos físicos y del ambiente del modelo PETTLEP se relacionan con diferentes tipos de imágenes.…”

Do the physical and environment PETTLEP elements predict sport imagery ability?

“…The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between athletes' use of physical and environment imagery primes and their sport imagery ability. Based on previous research (Anuar, Cumming, & Williams, 2016a;Anuar, Williams, & Cumming, 2016), the physical and environment imagery priming items were hypothesised to predict greater ease of imaging skill, strategy, goal, affect, and mastery imagery ability.…”

“…Compared to a static imagery group, Callow et al (2006) reported higher vividness of a ski-slalom task for a dynamic imagery group who performed their imagery on the ski slope whilst wearing their ski equipment, adopting a race position, and making small side to side movements as if they were actually skiing. In two recent studies, Anuar and her colleagues (Anuar, Cumming, & Williams, 2016a;Anuar, Williams, & Cumming, 2016) demonstrated that incorporating elements of the PETTLEP model increased the ease and vividness of imaged movements. Furthermore, in both studies participants consistently perceived the physical and environment elements to be the most helpful in generating easier and more vivid images of movement.…”

“…Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between athletes' use of physical and environment imagery primes and their sport imagery ability using a cross-sectional design. Drawing from previous research by Anuar and colleagues (Anuar, Cumming, & Williams, 2016a;Anuar, Williams & Cumming, 2016), it was hypothesised that incorporating physical and environment elements into imagery more frequently would be associated with greater ease of imaging of skill, strategy, goal, affect, and mastery imagery ability as explained in the functional equivalence theory (Moran & Holmes, 2013). As this is the first study to assess athletes' use of physical and environment primes, items were developed specifically for the present study.…”