Comparing Outcomes of Major Models of Police Responses to Mental Health Emergencies

Abstract

Our data strongly suggest that collaborations between the criminal justice system, the mental health system, and the advocacy community plus essential services reduce the inappropriate use of U.S. jails to house persons with acute symptoms of mental illness.

Mental Health Street Triage

“…These include: Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) where police officers have special mental health training to provide crisis intervention services and to act as liaisons to the formal mental health system (Morabito et al, 2012;Canada et al, 2010;Compton et al, 2010;Fisher and Grudzinskas, 2010;Ritter et al, 2010); and the Co-Responder model (most similar to that being trialled in England) which partners mental health professionals with law enforcement at the scene to provide consultation on mental health-related issues and assist individuals in accessing treatments and supports (Rosenbaum, 2010;Reuland et al, 2009). Steadman et al (2000 compared the outcomes of three major models of police responses to mental health emergencies in the USA -including the CIT/ Police Officer model; a variation on the CIT/Police…”

Étude exploratoire sur l'implantation, la mise en oeuvre et les retombées du "Projet de référence policière" par différents acteurs du CAVAC Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean et de la Sûreté du Québec MRC du Fjord du Saguenay /

“…S'il y a un point commun à ces programmes, c'est qu'ils visent une réponse adaptée et rapide à différentes situations de crise, afin que les personnes en besoin reçoivent les services appropriés (Borum, Deane, Steadman, & Morrisey, 1998;Compton, Bahora, Watson, & Oliva, 2008;Dupont, Cochran, Pillsbury, & 2007;Guo, Biegel, Johnsen, & Dyches, 2001;Martinez, 2010;Steadman, Deane, Borum, & Morrisey, 2000 …”

“…Le programme « Crisis Intervention Team » (CIT) a été instauré, pour la première fois, en 1988 par le Département de police de Memphis (Tennessee, États-Unis) (Lurigio & Watson, 2010;Martinez, 2010;Steadman et al, 2000). Les estimations les plus récentes en la matière indiquent qu'entre 100 et 300 services de police municipale ont adopté, depuis, ce programme de collaboration (Morrisey, Fagan, & Cocazza, 2009;Munetz, Morrison, Krake, Young, & Woody, 2006).…”

Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) metrics: a novel method of measuring police performance during encounters with people in crisis

“…Unfortunately, despite studies evaluating aspects of CIT training's effectiveness [4][5][6][7], little empirical validation has been conducted to investigate just how effective CIT training is at improving officers' ability to respond to persons in crisis. This is in part due to the difficulty of measuring training impact on officer behavior using outcome measures such as reduction in use of force, decreased arrest rates, or referral to mental health services (which may not allow officer discretion).…”