Comparing Globalizations: Conclusions, Questions, Speculations

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“…A constellation of processes and phenomena that occurred in the last half century have been identified by social sciences as crucial factors in supposedly strengthening the common recognition by individuals of being part of humankind as a whole. At least five main elements should be listed: globalization (Hall, 2018); diffusion of digital technologies (smartphones, Internet and computer) all over the world (Balbi and Magaudda, 2017); the rise of networked individualism and the parallel weakening of family and community ties as well as of national identity (Sciolla, 1997; Wellman, 2001); increase in geographical mobility (Fortunati and Taipale, 2017); and, finally, the sustainability debate (Harte, 1995; Reysen and Katzarska-Miller, 2013). One of the relevant effects of these intertwined processes and phenomena is the weakening of identity at personal, community and national levels and its becoming dynamic, unstable and fragmented and thus ‘liquid’ (Bauman, 2003).…”