Comparing Different Thermal Runaway Triggers for Two Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Types

Essl, Christiane; Golubkov, Andrey W.; Fuchs, Anton

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/abbe5a

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, Essl et al. could not measure EC and HF at all in their experiments due to these processes [14] . EMC was also difficult to detect because it also condensed during cooling of the chamber and was removed from the gas phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Methodology to Describe the Capacity Dependent Responses During Thermal Runaway of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hahn

Bredekamp

Haselrieder

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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In this work, internal short-circuit tests on prototypically battery cells of different cell capacities were performed to determine scalable dependencies of the thermal runaway. It shows that this pouch cells with NMC111/graphite electrodes must have a minimum capacity of 1.5 A h to develop a thermal runaway. In addition, it could be determined that with increasing battery capacity the strength of the reaction also increases, which is visible, among other things, in the linear temperature increase on the cell surface from 1.5 A h to 3.0 A h of overall 66.77 °C and the increasing weight loss, of up to 37.5 % compared to the starting weight. It could also be shown that the processes of the thermal runaway can be described within certain limits by simple linear (cell surface temperatures, penetration depth, time until cell voltage reaches 0 V) and nonlinear fits (cell weight loss, setoff voltage at TR). This allows the determination of scalable parameters and test results with a minimum of test effort. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of the determined substances could be measured for the infrared-active gaseous reaction products. In particular, the decomposition products CO and CO 2 , as well as the linear hydrocarbons, increase significantly with increasing capacity. On the whole, parameters for the description of the thermal runaway could be determined, which describe the effects and reactions of the thermal runaway well and could minimize test efforts with known materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Methodology to Describe the Capacity Dependent Responses During Thermal Runaway of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hahn

Bredekamp

Haselrieder

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…With regard to TR, it is important to mention that the cylindrical and prismatic cells have a metal casing that allows them to withstand greater internal pressure before bursting than the pouch cells, whose plastic-aluminium laminate casing easily deforms when gases are generated inside the cell. The studies published report that pouch cells are able to withstand pressure values ranging between 223 and 411 kPa, while cells with a metal casing withstand pressures ranging from 386 to 855 kPa [49]. This causes venting to take place earlier in the pouch cells, allowing the gases to be released into the surroundings.…”

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lalinde¹,

Berrueta²,

Valera³

et al. 2024

Lithium Batteries - Recent Advances and Emerging Topics

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming well established as a key component in the integration of renewable energies and in the development of electric vehicles. Nevertheless, they have a narrow safe operating area with regard to the voltage and temperature conditions at which these batteries can work. Outside this area, a series of chemical reactions take place that can lead to component degradation, reduced performance and even self-destruction. The phenomenon consisting of the sudden failure of an LIB, causing an abrupt temperature increase, is known as thermal runaway (TR) and is considered to be the most dangerous event that can occur in LIBs. Therefore, the safety of LIBs is one of the obstacles that this technology must overcome in order to continue to develop and become well established for uses in all types of applications. This chapter presents a detailed study of the general issues surrounding this phenomenon. The origin of the problem is identified, the causes are detailed as well as the phases prior to TR. An analysis is made of the most relevant factors influencing this phenomenon, and details are provided of detection, prevention and mitigation measures that could either prevent the TR or reduce the consequences.

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“…The interested reader can find an in-depth explanation on our method and setup in our other publications. We recommend the work of Essl, A. Golubkov, and Fuchs (2020) and Essl, Andrey W. Golubkov, et al (2020) as a starting point. For the examples in section 4 we have used data from "Cell #2" in the paper of Essl, A. Golubkov, and Fuchs (2020).…”

Section: Thermal-runaway Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modelica library for Thermal-Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Gross¹,

Golubkov²

2021

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Based on the Thermal Runaway (TR) experiments conducted in our laboratory a simple method of describing a battery's thermal behaviour was developed. In the approach -which we call simple tracing methodthe temperature rate measurement from Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) during a TR experiment is approximated to determine the thermal behaviour of the model. This method was implemented in Modelica using Dymola. Alongside the implementation of the TR model a complete Modelica package with useful models for TR propagation simulation was developed. The package called "BatterySafety" serves as a foundation for further model development to investigate TR propagation and physical counter measures in greater detail. The focus of all the models in the package was efficiency, intelligibility and user-friendliness. With this approach we are able to simulate TR propagation of a complete battery pack.

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Comparing Different Thermal Runaway Triggers for Two Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Types

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Scaling Methodology to Describe the Capacity Dependent Responses During Thermal Runaway of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Scaling Methodology to Describe the Capacity Dependent Responses During Thermal Runaway of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Perspective Chapter: Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

A Modelica library for Thermal-Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries

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