Comparing carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcements in polyamide 12 composites

Chatterjee, Saibal; Nüesch, Frank; Chu, Bryan

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/22/27/275714

Cited by 129 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In general for polymeric nanocomposites, few reports have investigated the mechanical properties of 2D carbon or inorganic nanostructures 45–49 compared to carbon nanotubes. 2, 3, 5, 15, 22, 24, 50, 51 Song et al reported ≈ 74% increase in the Young’s modulus of polypropylene composites compared to pristine polymer composite controls at 0.42 vol% loading of exfoliated graphene platelets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2013

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This study investigates the efficacy of two dimensional (2D) carbon and inorganic nanostructures as reinforcing agents of crosslinked composites of the biodegradable and biocompatible polymer polypropylene fumarate (PPF) as a function of nanostructure concentration. PPF composites were reinforced using various 2D nanostructures: single- and multi-walled graphene oxide nanoribbons (SWGONRs, MWGONRs), graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs), and molybdenum di-sulfite nanoplatelets (MSNPs) at 0.01–0.2 weight% concentrations. Cross-linked PPF was used as the baseline control, and PPF composites reinforced with single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT, MWCNT) were used as positive controls. Compression and flexural testing show a significant enhancement (i.e., compressive modulus = 35–108%, compressive yield strength = 26–93%, flexural modulus = 15–53%, and flexural yield strength = 101–262% greater than the baseline control) in the mechanical properties of the 2D-reinforced PPF nanocomposites. MSNPs nanocomposites consistently showed the highest values among the experimental or control groups in all the mechanical measurements. In general, the inorganic nanoparticle MSNPs showed a better or equivalent mechanical reinforcement compared to carbon nanomaterials, and 2-D nanostructures (GONP, MSNP) are better reinforcing agents compared to 1-D nanostructures (e.g. SWCNTs). The results also indicate that the extent of mechanical reinforcement is closely dependent on the nanostructure morphology and follows the trend nanoplatelets > nanoribbons > nanotubes. Transmission electron microscopy of the cross-linked nanocomposites indicates good dispersion of nanomaterials in the polymer matrix without the use of a surfactant. The sol-fraction analysis showed significant changes in the polymer cross-linking in the presence of MSNP (0.01–0.2 wt %) and higher loading concentrations of GONP and MWGONR (0.1–0.2 wt%). The analysis of surface area and aspect ratio of the nanostructures taken together with the above results indicates differences in nanostructure architecture (2D vs. 1D nanostructures), as well as the chemical compositions (inorganic vs. carbon nanostructures), number of functional groups, and structural defects for the 2D nanostructures maybe key properties that affect the mechanical properties of 2D nanostructure-reinforced PPF nanocomposites, and the reason for the enhanced mechanical properties compared to the controls.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2013

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“…The GnP were physically premixed with a surfactant powder and pestled for 30 min before compounding with PA12 by using a micro extruder. The adding of 0.5 wt.-% GnP leads to an improvement in the yield strength by 32.2 % relative to the yield strength of 36.7 MPa for pure PA12 [7]. Also Zhao et al observe a large effect on the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at low loadings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of polyamide 6-graphene-composites produced and processed on industrial scale

Yesildag¹,

Hopmann²,

Adamy³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Controlling the assembly of graphene based nanosheets within a rubber matrix: Nanocomposite morphology probed by measuring gas permeation and dielectric properties AIP Conference Proceedings 1736, 020066 (2016) Abstract. The use of graphene as a filler in thermoplastics has already been investigated extensively. The mechanical properties as well as electrical and thermal conductivity of thermoplastics can be improved due to graphene. However, these studies were carried out in experimental scale, which allows a good dispersion of graphene because of a long residence time during melt mixing and because of the use of almost ideal graphene, which has a high specific surface and low number of layers. In this study the scientific findings are transferred into industrial practice. For that purpose, a corotating intermeshing twin screw extruder with limited residence time and limited shear energy input is used to produce graphene based polyamide 6 composites and short carbon fibre reinforced graphene based polyamide 6 composites. These composites are further processed by injection molding to produce specimens in order to determine the mechanical properties. In addition to the scale-up to industrial production, two types of graphene platelets are used, which are commercially available. This investigation reveals that the addition of 1 wt.-% commercially available graphene platelets to polyamide 6 improves Young´s modulus and tensile strength. Compared to pure polyamide 6 an improvement up to 20 % with regard to Young´s modulus and up to 15 % with regard to tensile strength can be achieved. The combination of short carbon fibre with graphene platelets in polyamide 6 enables an increase of Young´s modulus, which is higher than the additive effect.

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“…Polyamide offers good thermal stability, chemical resistance and excellent frictional properties. 1,2 However, the application of neat PA6 or PA66, two kinds of nylon, has been limited to some special fields due to its relatively low thermal conductivity. Therefore, PA is mostly compounded with other polymers [3][4][5] or rigid particles [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] to overcome these limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties, morphology and thermal conductivity of polyamide composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets, Al₂O₃and graphite

Lin

Du³

et al. 2015

Materials Research Innovations

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In this work, PA6/PA66/GNP thermal composites were prepared via a melt blending method. Mechanical properties, morphology and thermal properties of PA6/PA66/GNP composites were investigated. The thermal conductivity of composite containing 50 wt-% of graphene nanoplatelets was measured as 5·03 W m -1 K -1 at 30°C. When the Al 2 O 3 was replaced for graphene nanoplatelets, the thermal conductivity of composites decreased, but the mechanical properties improved. The optimum amount of Al 2 O 3 which replaced graphene nanoplatelets is 10%. When graphite was used to replace for graphene nanoplatelets, thermal conductivity basically remained unchanged but mechanical properties decreased.

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Comparing carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcements in polyamide 12 composites

Cited by 129 publications

References 41 publications

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Properties of polyamide 6-graphene-composites produced and processed on industrial scale

Mechanical properties, morphology and thermal conductivity of polyamide composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets, Al₂O₃and graphite

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Comparing carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcements in polyamide 12 composites

Cited by 129 publications

References 41 publications

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Properties of polyamide 6-graphene-composites produced and processed on industrial scale

Mechanical properties, morphology and thermal conductivity of polyamide composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets, Al2O3and graphite

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Product

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Mechanical properties, morphology and thermal conductivity of polyamide composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets, Al₂O₃and graphite