Comparative yield of HCV RNA testing in blood donors screened by 2.0 versus 3.0 antibody assays

Galel, Susan A.; Strong, Douglas M.; Tegtmeier, Gary E.; Holland, Paul V.; Kuramoto, Isamu K.; Kemper, Marti; Pietrelli, Larry; Gallarda, James

doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00236.x

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Although studies of HIV-infected [13] and HIV-uninfected [24,25] individuals suggest that the HCV EIA 3.0 is a more sensitive assay, our findings of a low prevalence of seronegative HCV infection among anti-HCV-negative subjects suggest that the HCV EIA 2.0, which remains the standard clinical HCV screening assay used at most large hospital laboratories and at most of our institutions, is a reasonable screening tool to use for HIV-infected populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Factors Associated with Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV Infection

Chamie

Bonacini

Bangsberg

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Detectable HCV RNA in the context of a negative HCV enzyme immunoassay 2.0 result in HIV-infected patients is low, but higher than the reported prevalence in HIV-uninfected patients. Our findings suggest that HCV RNA testing should be performed in anti-HCV-negative, HIV-infected patients, especially those with a history of IDU and either a CD4 cell count <200 cells/ micro L or an abnormal ALT level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Factors Associated with Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV Infection

Chamie

Bonacini

Bangsberg

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…This depends on the generation of HCV ELISA assay used, which, unfortunately, the USRDS database did not indicate. The largest study that has so far compared the sensitivity of HCV ELISA for HCV RNA found that 1 in 134,000 donations were RNA positive and ELISA 2.0 negative, compared with 1 in 540,000 donations that were RNA positive and ELISA 3.0 negative (P ϭ 0.001) (44). The specificity of HCV ELISA 3.0 in blood donors is 99.7% (45), similar to ELISA 2.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Hepatitis C and Renal Transplantation in the Era of Modern Immunosuppression

Abbott¹,

Bucci²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2003

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

102

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Abstract. Kidneys from donors who are positive for hepatitis C virus (DHCVϩ) have recently been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality after renal transplantation. However, it has not been determined whether risk persists after adjustment for baseline cardiac comorbidity or applies in the era of modern immunosuppression. Therefore, a historical cohort study was conducted of US adult cadaveric renal transplant recipients from January 1, 1996, to May 31, 2001 followed until October 31, 2001. A total of 36,956 patients had valid donor and recipient HCV serology. Cox regression analysis was used to model adjusted hazard ratios for mortality and graft loss, respectively, adjusted for other factors, including comorbid conditions from Center for Medicare and Medicaid Studies Form 2728 and previous dialysis access-related complications. It was found that DHCVϩ was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.12, 95% confidence interval, 1.72 to 2.87; P Ͻ 0.001), primarily as a result of infection. Mycophenolate mofetil was associated with improved survival in DHCVϩ patients, primarily related to fewer infectious deaths. Adjusted analyses limited to recipients who were HCVϩ, HCV negative, or age 65 and over, or by use of mycophenolate mofetil confirmed that DHCVϩ was independently associated with mortality in each subgroup. It is concluded that DHCVϩ is independently associated with an increased risk of mortality after renal transplantation adjusted for baseline comorbid conditions in all subgroups. Recipients of DHCVϩ organs should be considered at high risk for excessive immunosuppression.The expected clinical course of hepatitis C infection as it affects organ transplant recipients, as well as the use and effect of kidneys from donors who are positive for hepatitis C, remain controversial topics in renal transplantation. Recently published data confirmed that kidneys from donors who were hepatitis C positive (HCVϩ) were associated with an independently increased risk of death in renal transplant recipients regardless of recipient HCV status (1). However, donor hepatitis C seropositivity (DHCVϩ) was not independently associated with mortality when limited to patients with valid information (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Studies [CMS] Form 2728) on comorbid conditions at the time of dialysis initiation. This may have been because of the relatively small numbers of transplant recipients for whom complete data were available during the study period or because cardiovascular comorbidity was actually lower in patients who received DHCVϩ kidneys, yet the mortality risk for recipients of DHCVϩ kidneys was still greater than for patients who received DHCVϪ kidneys. Possibly, recipients of DHCVϩ kidneys were sicker to start with and thus had a higher risk of death unrelated to receiving a DHCVϩ kidney. Since that study, there have been substantial changes in maintenance immunosuppression practices in the United States. In particular, recent reports have confirmed tha...

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“…The Ortho HCV Version 3.0 test is a direct solid-phase EIA and some reports have shown that it has improved sensitivity (99%) and specificity (99.9%) as it includes the core and the non-structural (NS) genome regions of HCV NS3, NS4 and NS5. 7 Positive and negative controls are supplied by the manufacturer. Reactions were read at 492 nm using a spectrophotometer and the absorbance of each well recorded.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus prevalence and serotypes associated with HIV in The Gambia

Mboto

Fielder²,

Davies-Russell³

et al. 2010

British Journal of Biomedical Science

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) serotypes are important in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HCV-related disease, but little is known of this connection in West Africa. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HCV and its serotypes associated with HIV in The Gambia. A total of 1500 individuals referred to the Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital for HIV serology between July and December, 2002 were screened for antibodies to HIV and subsequently for HCV, and seropositive samples were typed. This study shows HIV and HCV prevalence of 6.7% and 1.6%, respectively, with a co-infection rate of 0.6%. Serotype 2 showed the highest prevalence (58.1%), followed by serotype 1 (19.4%). Prevalence of HCV serotype 3 was 6.5% and five samples were untypeable. Co-infection of HIV-1 with HCV serotype 1 showed a prevalence of 44.4%, and with HCV serotype 2 of 33.3%. The findings support the evidence to suggest the West African subregion as the origin of HCV serotype 2. It also demonstrates the need for routine HCV screening of HIV-infected persons and blood donations, and calls for further studies to elucidate the sources of the HCV virus.

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Comparative yield of HCV RNA testing in blood donors screened by 2.0 versus 3.0 antibody assays

Abstract: EIA3 would have detected the majority of RNA-positive donations missed by EIA2. Some RNA-positive donors are EIA2-negative and EIA3-reactive for a prolonged period of time.

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Factors Associated with Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV Infection

Factors Associated with Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV Infection

Hepatitis C and Renal Transplantation in the Era of Modern Immunosuppression

Hepatitis C virus prevalence and serotypes associated with HIV in The Gambia

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