Comparative transcriptomics discloses the regulatory impact of carbon/nitrogen fermentation on the biosynthesis of Monascus kaoliang pigments

Tong, Aijun; Lu, Jin-Qiang; Huang, Zirui; Huang, Qizhen; Zhang, Yuyu; Farag, Mohamed A.; Liu, Bin; Zhao, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100250

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The tubes were subsequently kept under 20 °C until recording the results. The hydrolyzed gelatin test was recorded as positive when part or all the gelatin medium remained liquid [ 15 , 22 ]. Monascus strains were identified by nuclear ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, comparative transcriptomic analyses have been applied to investigate gene transcription in this fungus under different fermentation conditions (such as different carbon/nitrogen sources, special additives, light treatment, etc.) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. These studies often concentrated on the biosynthesis of MPs, although several reports also investigated the expression of the CIT pathway in different M. purpureus strains and fermentation conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Citrinin Biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus

Huang

Yang

Molnár

et al. 2023

JoF

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Monascus pigments (MPs) display many beneficial biological activities and have been widely utilized as natural food-grade colorants in the food processing industry. The presence of the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) seriously restricts the application of MPs, but the gene regulation mechanisms governing CIT biosynthesis remain unclear. We performed a RNA-Seq-based comparative transcriptomic analysis of representative high MPs-producing Monascus purpureus strains with extremely high vs. low CIT yields. In addition, we performed qRT-PCR to detect the expression of genes related to CIT biosynthesis, confirming the reliability of the RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that there were 2518 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 1141 downregulated and 1377 upregulated in the low CIT producer strain). Many upregulated DEGs were associated with energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, with these changes potentially making more biosynthetic precursors available for MPs biosynthesis. Several potentially interesting genes that encode transcription factors were also identified amongst the DEGs. The transcriptomic results also showed that citB, citD, citE, citC and perhaps MpigI were key candidate genes to limit CIT biosynthesis. Our studies provide useful information on metabolic adaptations to MPs and CIT biosynthesis in M. purpureus, and provide targets for the fermentation industry towards the engineering of safer MPs production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Citrinin Biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus

Huang

Yang

Molnár

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…The effect of carbon source and nitrogen source were important content of culture medium, which would affect the growth and metabolism of microorganism (Tong et al, 2022;Stajic et al, 2006). The culture medium was con rmed as medium 3 for production by P. eryngii-3, in which the components need to be optimized.…”

Section: Optimization Of Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of hyphae growth and medium optimization by Pleurotus eryngii-3 under submerged fermentation

Liu

Feng

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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There were a variety of amino acids and polysaccharides in Pleurotus eryngii contained that could improve human immunity and prevent cancer. In this paper, the medium was screened and carton and nitrogen sources were screened and optimized as 40 g/L corn flour and soybean meal by P. eryngii-3. Then, the effect of pH, temperature, volume, and rotate speed were investigated, in which the suitable fermentation conditions were respectively pH = 6, 27 ℃, 90 mL of fermentation broth, and 150 r/min of rotate speed. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of lcc1, lcc5, lcc8, and lcc12 were up-regulated by 10.25-, 3.32-, 2.33- and 6.29-fold respectively after optimization. In addition, the box-behnken design was utilized to improve DCW (17.23 g/L). This research was optimized the medium and condition of fermentation by P. eryngii-3, which could shorten the ripening cycle of seeds and improve economic benefits for industries.

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“…More recently, DNA sequencing and molecular phylogenetics have become essential in microbiological taxonomy. ITS ( Dai et al, 2021 ), LSU ( He et al, 2020 ; Higa et al, 2020 ), β-tubulin ( Tong et al, 2022 ), calmodulin ( He et al, 2020 ; Ruiz and Radwan, 2021 ) are frequently used for accurate species identification of close relatives among Monascus spp. However, phylogenetic delineation of this genus was complicated by gene region inconsistency and low support for internal nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the phylogeny and metabolic divergence of Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) at the genome level

et al. 2023

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BackgroundSpecies of the genus Monascus are economically important and widely used in the production of food colorants and monacolin K. However, they have also been known to produce the mycotoxin citrinin. Currently, taxonomic knowledge of this species at the genome level is insufficient.MethodsThis study presents genomic similarity analyses through the analysis of the average nucleic acid identity of the genomic sequence and the whole genome alignment. Subsequently, the study constructed a pangenome of Monascus by reannotating all the genomes and identifying a total of 9,539 orthologous gene families. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 4,589 single copy orthologous protein sequences and all the 5,565 orthologous proteins, respectively. In addition, carbohydrate active enzymes, secretome, allergic proteins, as well as secondary metabolite gene clusters were compared among the included 15 Monascus strains.ResultsThe results clearly revealed a high homology between M. pilosus and M. ruber, and their distant relationship with M. purpureus. Accordingly, all the included 15 Monascus strains should be classified into two distinctly evolutionary clades, namely the M. purpureus clade and the M. pilosus-M. ruber clade. Moreover, gene ontology enrichment showed that the M. pilosus-M. ruber clade had more orthologous genes involved with environmental adaptation than the M. purpureus clade. Compared to Aspergillus oryzae, all the Monascus species had a substantial gene loss of carbohydrate active enzymes. Potential allergenic and fungal virulence factor proteins were also found in the secretome of Monascus. Furthermore, this study identified the pigment synthesis gene clusters present in all included genomes, but with multiple nonessential genes inserted in the gene cluster of M. pilosus and M. ruber compared to M. purpureus. The citrinin gene cluster was found to be intact and highly conserved only among M. purpureus genomes. The monacolin K gene cluster was found only in the genomes of M. pilosus and M. ruber, but the sequence was more conserved in M. ruber.ConclusionThis study provides a paradigm for phylogenetic analysis of the genus Monascus, and it is believed that this report will lead to a better understanding of these food microorganisms in terms of classification, metabolic differentiation, and safety.

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Comparative transcriptomics discloses the regulatory impact of carbon/nitrogen fermentation on the biosynthesis of Monascus kaoliang pigments

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Citrinin Biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Citrinin Biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus

Enhancement of hyphae growth and medium optimization by Pleurotus eryngii-3 under submerged fermentation

Insight into the phylogeny and metabolic divergence of Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) at the genome level

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