Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Bradbury, Steven P.; Coats, Joel R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_4

Cited by 273 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Bradbury and Coats (1989a) reported signs of fenvalerate poisoning in fish, which included loss of schooling behaviour, swimming near the water surface, hyperactivity, erratic swimming, seizures, loss of buoyancy, increased cough rate, increased gill mucus secretions, flaring of the gill arches, head shaking and listlessness before death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Velíšek¹,

Svobodová²,

Piačková³

2009

Vet. Med.

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AbstrAct:The effect of the pyrethroid, bifenthrin, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was assessed based on biochemical, haematological and histopathological examination of fish exposed to Talstar 10 EC pesticide preparation (active substance 100 g/l bifenthrin) at a concentration of 14.7 µg/l. There was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in plasma ammonia, and significant (P < 0.01) increase in glucose, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Haematologically, fish showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in mean erythrocyte volume, erythrocyte haemoglobin, and band neutrophil granulocytes compared to controls. Degeneration of hepatocytes was observed histologically. The bifenthrin-based Talstar 10 EC pesticide preparation was therefore classified as a substance strongly toxic to fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their use has increased rapidly in the past two decades (Bradbury and Coats, 1989a;Wardhaugh, 2005). Despite having low toxicity for mammals and birds (Bradbury and Coats, 1989b), they present a risk for aquatic organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Velíšek¹,

Svobodová²,

Piačková³

2009

Vet. Med.

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“…Further, halogen presence leads to a higher potential for negative effects on the environment (Brown at al. 1973;Bradbury and Coats 1989a). Cypermethrin is used to control pests including moths in cotton, fruits, and vegetable crops (Crawford et al 1981).…”

Section: Original Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pyrethroids are also toxic to some non-target animals including crustaceans and fish. Median lethal concentrations of the more commonly used pyrethroids are generally less than 10 μg/l in fish, while birds and mammals show lower sensitivity (Bradbury and Coats 1989a). Pyrethroids are among the most commonly used pesticides worldwide, and pose a threat to the natural environment, including aquatic ecosystems (Richterova and Svobodova 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a cypermethrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Richterová¹,

Máchová²,

Stará³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cyperkill 25 EC (a.i. cypermethrin 250 g/l) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). An early-life stage toxicity test was used. Liver, intestine, kidneys, and gills of surviving larvae were examined, and the activity of the detoxifying and antioxidative enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was determined. Eggs of common carp 24 h post-fertilisation were exposed for 35 days to Cyperkill 25 EC at concentrations of 7.2, 36, 72, 144, and 360 μg/l containing the active ingredient cypermethrin at concentrations of 1.8, 9, 18, 36, and 90 μg/l, respectively. All larvae exposed to concentrations higher than 144 μg/l showed signs of damage after five days and died in the next two days; at concentrations of 72 and 36 μg/l total mortality was observed several days after hatching. Larvae exposed to 7.2 μg/l survived to the end of the test but showed significantly lower growth (P < 0.01) and retarded ontogenetic development compared to controls. Examination of these larvae did not reveal histological changes. Activity of GST, GR, and GPx in the exposed group was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while CAT and TBARS did not show significant differences from controls. Exposure to Cyperkill 25 EC affected hatching and survival at tested concentrations above 7.2 μg/l. Alterations in oxidative stress parameters and retarded growth and ontogenetic development were evident at 7.2 μg/l.

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“…According to Bradbury & Coats (1989), the concentration of Cypermethrin which killed half the population of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was between 0.9 and 1.1μg/L; to brown trout (Salmo trutta) was 1.2μg/L, to Nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) was 2.2μg/L, 0.5μg/L to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and 0.4μg/L to rudd (Scardinius erythropthalamus).…”

Section: Behavioral Changes and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrethroid toxicity in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen

et al. 2012

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This study aimed to determine both the lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin in young Silver Catϐish (Brazilian "Jundiá", Rhamdia quelen) on aquatic environment during 96 hours, as well as to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development period of Rhamdia quelen, and to verify their respective rates of fertilization, hatching and survival. Pyrethroid nowadays is a widely used insecticide, which presents a high toxicity to ϐish. In order to determine lethal and sublethal concentrations, 120 silver catϐish were used; each one had an average weight of 59.58±4.50g and an average size of 20.33±2.34cm. Concentrations used were 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg of Cypermethrin per liter of water (mg/L). Fish were exposed to the product in 30-liter ϐish tanks. In each ϐish tank there were four ϐishes and the product was applied three times, i.e., a total of twelve ϐish were exposed to the product at each application, and a total of 120 ϐish during the entire experiment (n=120). In order to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development, ovulation induction was performed on female ϐishes using hormones, and then and egg collection was performed. The eggs were then hydrated and fertilized in Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin in different concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/L of Cypermethrin and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mg/L of Deltamethrin, in addition to the control group (0mg/L). After fertilization, the eggs were kept in containers with the respective pesticides of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin until hatching, when hatching rate was veriϐied. Then the alevins, from the hatching, were kept on their respective concentrations of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin so that the survival rate could be analyzed regarding the tested insecticides, during both 12-hour and 24-hour periods. Concerning the sublethal and lethal concentrations, Silver Catϐish was sensitive to the tested concentrations of Cypermethrin, showing symptoms of poisoning, such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea (they kept their mouths and opercula open), upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. The intensity of such symptoms varied in proportion to the concentration used. The concentrations above 3.0mg/L were considered lethal to the species, since every animal exposed to concentrations between 3.0 and 20.0mg/L had died, while concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5mg/L were considered sublethal. Deltamethrin during the initial embryonic development, the results show that both pyrethroids had signiϐicantly decreased the analyzed parameters when comparing them with the control group. It was concluded that, even with the ϐish being more resistant to pyrethroids in comparison with other species, both the young animals and the ones in stage of embryonic development were susceptible to the effects of these pesticides. Para determinação da concentração letal e subletal foram...

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Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Cited by 273 publications

References 145 publications

Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of a cypermethrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Pyrethroid toxicity in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen

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