Comparative Toxicity of 3-Trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to Larval Lampreys and Eleven Species of Fishes

Applegate, Vernon C.; King, Everett L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1962)91[342:ctottt]2.0.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The effect of lampricides on non‐target fishes has been a concern since the development of a lampricide application program to control invasive Sea Lampreys in the Great Lakes since the 1960s (Applegate and King, ). Specific concerns about lampricide impacts on Lake Sturgeon have arisen more recently (Boogaard et al., ), but there is scant data on which to assess whether lampricide treatments negatively affect age‐0 Lake Sturgeon survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a robust Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1917) population in Goulais Bay, Lake Superior

Pratt

Gardner

Pearce³

et al. 2014

J. Appl. Ichthyol.

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Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1917) in Lake Superior are greatly depressed from their historic abundance, and few populations meet the rehabilitation goals identified by management agencies. A netting program targeting juvenile Lake Sturgeon (ages 3-15) was implemented from 2010 to 2012 in Goulais Bay, a shallow, productive bay in the south-eastern part of the lake, to determine abundance, distribution, population characteristics (size structure, condition, age structure, mortality and growth), and recruitment patterns. Five-hundred and thirty-one individuals were captured over the 3-year study, resulting in a mark-recapture estimate of 4977 (95% CIs 3295-7517) juveniles. Catch rates in this study were higher than in any other location in Lake Superior, with sturgeon being broadly distributed around the bay. Estimated annual survival rate ranged from 0.691 to 0.858, depending on the method used. The majority of fish captured were between 620 and 800 mm in total length and were between 4 and 10 years of age (range 1-29 years). Recruiting year-classes were apparent every year, with no apparent effects due to lampricide treatments (a suspected threat to age-0 Lake Sturgeon) in the Goulais River. Year-class strength was positively related to spring water levels. It is possible that this robust Goulais Bay population could help re-populate the south-eastern part of Lake Superior, which contains a number of large, productive embayment areas that formerly supported large Lake Sturgeon populations. U.S.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a robust Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1917) population in Goulais Bay, Lake Superior

Pratt

Gardner

Pearce³

et al. 2014

J. Appl. Ichthyol.

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“…Many challenges exist for designing effective pest management programs so that host populations experience benefits (e.g., fewer parasites) but undesired effects of treatment do not exceed acceptable levels (McLaughlin et al 2003). It should be recognized that chemical lampricide treatments, although highly selective for larval sea lampreys, can also affect nontarget species (Applegate and King 1962;Smith 1967). As such, widespread or long-term use of chemicals may result in costs beyond those directly related to their application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Economic Injury Levels for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes Basin

Irwin

Liu

Bence

et al. 2012

N American J Fish Manag

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We estimated economic injury levels (EILs) and associated optimal control budgets for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus for each of the Great Lakes using common assumptions and consistent methods. The lake‐specific EILs are defined as equilibrium sea lamprey abundances below which incremental increases in control expenditures do not pay for themselves in terms of benefits (in the form of increased harvest of desired host species). We assume that sea lamprey control efforts result in an increase in the availability of adult hosts for fishery harvest, which provides economic value to society. We used a stochastic population model to simulate the sea lamprey life cycle as well as management actions (e.g., treatment of streams with lampricide) over a range of potential control budgets. Prior to running simulations, the model was calibrated for each Great Lake so that resulting forecasts were consistent with recent observed adult (spawning‐phase) sea lamprey abundance levels given recent control budgets. Our calculated EILs suggest that sea lamprey abundances lower than those currently observed or those specified by interim damage targets are justifiable and may be obtainable with increases in control budgets (roughly 25% to 55% per lake). This conclusion is robust to a range of plausible assumptions about the economic benefits attributable to host fish. Received January 21, 2011; accepted April 9, 2012

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“…The success of TFM is mainly due to the much greater sensitivity of sea lamprey to TFM compared to many other fishes due to the lower capacity of their liver to detoxify TFM using glucuronidation ( Lech, 1974 ; Lech and Statham, 1975 ; Kane et al , 1993 , 1994 ), which renders the lampricide more water soluble and easier to excrete via the urine or faeces ( Clarke et al , 1991 ). In contrast, most non-target fishes can tolerate 3–5 times higher TFM concentrations than that required to kill sea lamprey ( Applegate and King, 1962 ; Bills et al , 2003 ; Wilkie et al ., 2019 ), but there is inter-species variability in the sensitivity to TFM in non-target fishes ( Applegate and King, 1962 ; Marking and Olson, 1975 ; Bills and Leif, 1976 ; Johnson et al , 1999 ; Wilkie et al 2019 ), with juvenile lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) being one of the most sensitive ( Boogaard et al , 2003 ). Lake sturgeon populations in the Great Lakes experienced massive declines in the past 200 years due to overharvest, pollution, loss of habitat and barriers to their migration ( Auer, 2004 ; Golder and Associates Ltd, 2011 ), with populations in the Great Lakes–St.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol causes temporary metabolic disturbances in juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens): implications for sea lamprey control and fish conservation

Ionescu

Hepditch

Wilkie

2021

Conservation Physiology

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The pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is applied to rivers and streams draining into the Laurentian Great Lakes to control populations of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), which are ongoing threats to fisheries during the lamprey’s hematophagous, parasitic juvenile life stage. While TFM targets larval sea lamprey during treatments, threatened populations of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), particularly young-of-the-year (<100 mm in length), may be adversely affected by TFM when their habitats overlap with larval sea lamprey. Exposure to TFM causes marked reductions in tissue glycogen and high energy phosphagens in lamprey and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by interfering with oxidative ATP production in the mitochondria. To test that environmentally relevant concentrations of TFM would similarly affect juvenile lake sturgeon, we exposed them to the larval sea lamprey minimum lethal concentration (9-h LC99.9), which mimicked concentrations of a typical lampricide application and quantified energy stores and metabolites in the carcass, liver and brain. Exposure to TFM reduced brain ATP, PCr and glycogen by 50–60%, while lactate increased by 45–50% at 6 and 9 h. A rapid and sustained depletion of liver glucose and glycogen of more than 50% was also observed, whereas the respective concentrations of ATP and glycogen were reduced by 60% and 80% after 9 h, along with higher lactate and a slight metabolic acidosis (~0.1 pH unit). We conclude that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TFM causes metabolic disturbances in lake sturgeon that can lead to impaired physiological performance and, in some cases, mortality. Our observations support practices such as delaying TFM treatments to late summer/fall or using alternative TFM application strategies to mitigate non-target effects in waters where lake sturgeon are present. These actions would help to conserve this historically and culturally significant species in the Great Lakes.

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Comparative Toxicity of 3-Trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to Larval Lampreys and Eleven Species of Fishes

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Identification of a robust Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1917) population in Goulais Bay, Lake Superior

Identification of a robust Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1917) population in Goulais Bay, Lake Superior

Defining Economic Injury Levels for Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes Basin

The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol causes temporary metabolic disturbances in juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens): implications for sea lamprey control and fish conservation

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