Comparative Susceptibilities of Various Aids-Associated and Human Urogenital Tract Mycoplasmas and Strains of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae to 10 Classes of Antimicrobial Agent In Vitro

Abstract

The susceptibilities of 40 strains of various Mycoplasma species to 10 classes of antimicrobial agents were compared in vitro by a broth microdilution method. The strains tested comprised 20 strains of four AIDS-associated species -M. penetrans (1 strain), M. fermentas (5 strains), M. pirum (6 strains) and M. genitalium (8 strains) -nine strains of the urogenital tract species M. hominis and 11 strains of M. pneumoniae. The results demonstrated wide variation in the susceptibilities of the different Mycoplasma spp. to different classes of antimicrobial agent. All the mycoplasmas were susceptible or highly susceptible to the fluoroquinolones, with sparfloxacin the most active, and to the diterpine antibiotic tiamulin. M. pneumoniae and M. genitnlium strains were also highly susceptible to the macrolides, particularly azithromycin and had similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns to most other antimicrobial agents. However, all strains of M. genitalium were resistant to streptomycin (MIC 250->500 mg/L) whereas all M. pneumoniae isolates, except the MAC strain, were susceptible (MICs 1.25-12.5 mg/L). M. pirum isolates varied considerably in their susceptibility to macrolides (MIC range versus azithromycin 0.0025-> 100 mg/L). M. .fermentarts strains were susceptible to the tetracyclines, lincosamides and mupirocin, but varied in susceptibility to aminoglycosides. Most M. hominis strains were susceptible to the tetracyclines and all were susceptible to clindamycin and mupirocin. M penetrans GTU 54 was susceptible to azithromycin, the tetracyclines and lincosamides as well as to the fluoroquinolones and tiamulin.

Studies on Emergence of Drug Resistance in HIV Associated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

“…Also the antibiogram of identified isolates in HIV reactive patient is significant finding indicating severity of the infection in this group (Table 4 and Fig. 3) [4,7,8] . …”

“…Among the opportunistic infections, Urinary tract infections accounts for 60% of the AIDS defining illness [3] . Their relative importance differs in different parts of the world [3,4,14] . The present study was undertaken to note the prevalence of various bacterial isolates of urinary tract of HIV reactive patients among both female and male in different age groups and attempt was made to specifically examine antibiogram of selected urinary isolates in HIV reactive as well as HIV non reactive patients by Kirby Bauer method [8,13,15] .…”

“…The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is in an advanced stage of the epidemic in some states of the country [2,1 9] . The infection is alarming due to the unique pathogenesis of the virus that decreases the CD 4 cells, signaling the emergence of the opportunistic infections, in the host [1,4,19] . Among the opportunistic infections, Urinary tract infections accounts for 60% of the AIDS defining illness [3] .…”

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

“…Investigations of regimens targeted toward novel PID pathogens are likely to direct modifications of existing PID treatment protocols, improving both microbiologic and clinical cure rates. M. genitalium has demonstrated variable resistance to fluroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) [90,91], and susceptibility to macrolides, although azithromycin-resistant strains have recently been identified [49]. A newer quinolone, moxiflocacin, has recently been shown to exhibit a high degree of activity against M. genitalium [92].…”

Differentiation of strains of Mycoplasma fermentans from various sources by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

“…The sources and antibiotic suscepi ibility profiles of the M. fermentans strains used in this study have been documented in detail elsewhere [8,12,[19][20][21] In addition to the above, laboratory-induced aminoglycoside-resistant variants of strains PG-18 and KL4 were examined. Strep-R PG-18 and Strep-R KL4 were each resistant to streptomycin 500 mg/L, and PG-18 Rt and KL4 RS were each resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin and tobramycin 500 mg/L [ 191.…”