Comparative survival of viruses during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion

Sassi, Hannah P.; Ikner, Luisa A.; Abd-Elmaksoud, Sherif; Gerba, Charles P.; Pepper, Ian L.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.205

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Anaerobic digestion of sludge, which is a common sludge treatment process, has proven to result in reduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Sassi et al (2018) demonstrated that mesophilic anaerobic digestion could achieve above 5.9 log 10 reduction of the Φ6 bacteriophage. This could be attributed to protein and nucleic acid denaturation at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Removal Of Coronavirus During Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coronaviruses in wastewater processes: Source, fate and potential risks

Amoah

Kumari

Bux

2020

Environment International

119

117

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The last 17 years have seen three major outbreaks caused by coronaviruses, with the latest outbreak, COVID-19, declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The frequency of these outbreaks, their mortality and associated disruption to normal life calls for concerted efforts to understand their occurrence and fate in different environments. There is an increased interest in the occurrence of coronaviruses in wastewater from the perspective of wastewater-based epidemiology. However, there is no comprehensive review of the knowledge on coronavirus occurrence, fate and potential transmission in wastewater.This paper, provides a review of the literature on the occurrence of coronaviruses in wastewater treatment processes. We discuss the presence of viral RNA in feces as a result of diarrhoea caused by gastrointestinal infections. We also reviewed the literature on the presence, survival and potential removal of coronaviruses in common wastewater treatment processes. The detection of infectious viral particles in feces of patients raises questions on the potential risks of infection for people exposed to untreated sewage/wastewater. We, therefore, highlighted the potential risk of infection with coronaviruses for workers in wastewater treatment plants and the public that may be exposed through faulty plumbing or burst sewer networks.The mortalities and morbidities associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic warrants a much more focused research on the role of environments, such as wastewater and surface water, in disease transmission. The current wealth of knowledge on coronaviruses in wastewater based on the reviewed literature is scant and therefore calls for further studies.

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Section: Removal Of Coronavirus During Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coronaviruses in wastewater processes: Source, fate and potential risks

Amoah

Kumari

Bux

2020

Environment International

119

117

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“…Longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) favors removal by adsorption and high virus loads can be detected in the sludge. Anaerobic treatment (AT) of sludge removes pathogens by denaturing proteins and nucleic acids and a study observed 5.9 log 10 removal of bacteriophage ( Sassi et al, 2018 ). SARS-CoV-2 is a protein enveloped virus hence 6log 10 removal/inactivation during biosolids treatment is possible in AT ( Amoah et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Removal Of Coronavirus In Wastewater Treatment Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of existing wastewater treatment plants to treat SARS-CoV-2. A review

Saba

Hasan

Kjellerup

et al. 2021

Bioresource Technology Reports

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Water is one of many viral transmission routes, and the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater has brought attention to its treatment. SARS CoV-2 primarily transmits in the air but the persistence of the virus in the water possibly can serve as a secondary source even though current studies do not show this. In this paper, an evaluation of the current literature with regards to the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and biosolids is presented. Treatment efficiencies of WWTPs are compared for viral load reduction on the basis of publicly available data. The results of this evaluation indicate that existing WWTPs are effectively removing 1–6 log 10 viable SARS-CoV-2. However, sludge and biosolids provide an umbrella of protection from treatment and inactivation to the virus. Hence, sludge treatment factors like high temperature, pH changes, and predatory microorganisms can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2.

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“…There are multiple organisms reported to be resistant to AD and THP, and some pathogens can be enriched, but THP treatment is able to meet the class A biosolids requirements (Mocé-Llivina et al 2003;Sassi et al 2018;Wang et al 2018;Zhao and Liu 2019). It is worth noting that the EB pathogen removal capability is only dependent on the applied dose (Table 7), and there is no organism resistant to irradiation present in the literature.…”

Section: Removal Of Bacteria Viruses and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of electron beam water radiolysis for sewage sludge treatment—a review

Siwek

Edgecock

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A review of the applicability of electron beam water radiolysis for sewage sludge treatment is presented. Electron beam treatment has been proven to be a successful approach to the disinfection of both wastewater and sewage sludge. Nevertheless, before 2000, there were concerns about the perceived high capital costs of the accelerator and with public acceptance of the usage of radiation for water treatment purposes. Nowadays, with increased knowledge and technological development, it may be not only possible but also desirable to use electron beam technology for risk-free sewage sludge treatment, disposal and bio-friendly fertiliser production. Despite the developing interest in this method, there has been no attempt to perform a review of the pertinent literature relating to this technology. It appears that understanding of the mechanism and primary parameters of disinfection is key to optimising the process. This paper aims to reliably characterise the sewage sludge electron beam treatment process to elucidate its major issues and make recommendations for further development and research.

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Comparative survival of viruses during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Coronaviruses in wastewater processes: Source, fate and potential risks

Coronaviruses in wastewater processes: Source, fate and potential risks

Capacity of existing wastewater treatment plants to treat SARS-CoV-2. A review

Application of electron beam water radiolysis for sewage sludge treatment—a review

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