Comparative study: Oral mucosal lesions, signs and symptoms in diabetes mellitus patients with end stage renal disease with analogous findings in diabetes mellitus patients with non-end stage renal disease

Abstract

The high prevalence of uremic fetor, saburral tongue, pale mucosa, and petechiae/ecchymoses in ESRD patient group can be considered as a possible sign of undiagnosed advanced stage of renal disease in other diabetic patients.

The Effectiveness of Concept Mapping as an Educational Nursing Intervention Strategy to Handle Diabetic Foot: Integrative Review

“…Furthermore, insulin resistance affects the progressive dysfunction of beta cells of type 2 diabetes by placing more requirements on the β-cell to perpetuate hypersecretion of insulin. The exact insulin resistance mechanism(s) that render the β-cells dysfunctional remain(s) unknown, but some researchers hypothesize that the root of insulin resistance is also directly to blame for the β-cell abnormality (i.e., lipotoxicity), [1].…”

“…Also more effective in improving the healing process of superficial diabetic foot ulcers as compared to foams which were found to be effective in healing deep foot ulcers. Hence, providers may classify this information during concept mapping and as such, educate the patient on the most effective dressing approach that can be used depending on the depth of the foot ulcerations [1].…”

“…Other than hydrogel dressing, there were also different types of dressing used for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. One, hydrocolloid dressings used for wounds that have light draining's [1]. This is the second most used type of dressing after hydrogel.…”

“…Diabetes mellitus is well-defined as a disorder of carbohydrates metabolism categorized by inadequate production of insulin by body thereby creating an improper maintenance level of glucose in the blood sugar [1]. It is a chronic disease which can result from inheritance or acquire a deficiency relating to insulin production by the pancreas or even disturbances in the production of insulin making it inefficient.…”

“…It is a chronic disease which can result from inheritance or acquire a deficiency relating to insulin production by the pancreas or even disturbances in the production of insulin making it inefficient. Having a deficiency in insulin production may end in a high concentration of glucose in the blood and hence damaging many body tissues more so the nerves and blood vessels [1].…”