Comparative study on the electrochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods using chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry and their application in inverted polymer solar cells

Improved humidity sensing performances of boron doped ZnO nanostructured thin films depending on boron concentration

“…These characteristic features of ZnO are the main reason why it is frequently preferred by researchers [22][23][24][25]. Many different methods can be used for the production of ZnO nanostructures, such as molecular beam epitaxy, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, vapor-liquid-solid reaction, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, spray pyrolysis and sol-gel processing [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Among these methods, the sol-gel method has higher popularity and industrial application than other existing methods due to its many advantageous aspects [34].…”

Fibril ZnO as an Electron Transporting Layer for Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Acceptors

“…To enhance the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and enable efficient electron transport to the cathode, many metal oxides, including zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), are explored as electron transport layers (ETLs). − Among these oxides, ZnO is a suitable choice for ETL in polymer cells due to its appropriate energy levels, high conductivity, and excellent transparency in the visible and infrared regions . Furthermore, ZnO can be easily processed at low temperatures to form various nanostructures like nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, and nanoflowers. − The versatility of ZnO in creating these nanostructures has been explored to enhance the photovoltaic properties of inverted polymer solar cells, where ZnO is deposited on transparent conductive electrodes. , For instance, Liang et al employed ZnO nanoparticles synthesized through a sol–gel method as an ETL in an inverted PSC structure that consisted of a P3HT: PCBM active layer and PEDOT: PSS/Ag was used as an anode. Their study reveals that a dense and homogeneous surface is crucial for achieving close contact between the ZnO and photoactive layer for better photovoltaic performance …”