Comparative study on oxidation desulphurization of actual gas oil and model sulfur compounds with hydrogen peroxide promoted by formic acid: Synthesis and characterization of vanadium containing polyoxometalate supported on anatase crushed nanoleaf

An organic–inorganic hybrid compound constructed by polytungsto-vanadosilicate and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium as an efficient catalyst for demercaptanization of crude oil

“…In compared with the previous reports [9,12] with addition of different quaternary ammonium cations, it cannot be seen differences in morphology of TEM image and XRD, UV-vis spectra (Figs. 1-3).…”

“…Previously reported methods were used to purify the mercaptans and thiols [12]. Preparation of mixed heteropolyacids and salts were based on a literature procedure with the following modifications [9,11]. Titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide was obtained from Merck Chemical Company.…”

“…Such processes are usually called sweetening in the petroleum industry. In continuation of our group research on the syntheses and application of polyoxometalates in organic reactions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and due to the importance of derivatives of disulfides in biological and chemical processes, we hereby report the applicability of POM-TiO 2 for efficient demercaptanization of light and heavy crude oil. General oxidation reaction of mercaptans that introduces disulfides as major part of mercaptans oxidation products is in common in all processes of catalytic oxidation of mercaptans:…”

“…The application of polyoxometalates (POMs) as catalytic materials is increasing continuously in the catalytic field. Because of their high thermal stability, stronger acidity, high hydrolytic stability (pH 0-12), safety, quantity of waste, reusability, corrosiveness, separability, high oxidation potential and greenness, in this context, polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising catalysts [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Supporting the heteropolyacids on solids with high surface areas improves their catalytic performance in various heterogeneous reactions [17][18][19] [22].…”

Extractive oxidative desulfurization of model oil/crude oil using KSF montmorillonite-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid

“…Generally, an ODS process consists of two steps: The first step is the oxidation of sulfur; various oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Rafiee and Eavani 2013;Gao et al 2010a, b), formic acid (Shojaei et al 2014), acetic acid (Abdalla et al 2009a, b, O 2 (Dooley et al 2013) and t-BuOOH (Hui-Peng et al 2007;Ishihara et al 2005) are used in ODS process. Among these oxidants, H 2 O 2 is mostly chosen as an oxidant due to its innocuous side product (H 2 O).…”