Comparative study on material properties of wood-ash alkali and commercial alkali treated Sterculia fiber

Kandel, Krishna Prasad; Adhikari, Menuka; Kharel, Madhav; Aryal, Girja Mani; Pandeya, Shiva; Joshi, Mahesh Kumar; Dahal, Bipeen; Gautam, Bhoj; Neupane, Bhanu

doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04610-w

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“… 50 , 51 A broad background underlying the peaks is attributed to the amorphous phase. 50 , 52 We also calculated the XRD crystallinity index (CI) following eq 2 (reprinted with permission from ref ( 26 ), copyright Springer Nature 2022). where A t is the integrated intensity of both crystalline and amorphous phases and A am is the intensity of amorphous phase only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As compared to paper samples, raw Lokta fiber showed a significantly high amount of lignin (∼19%) and hemicellulose (∼44%) and low amount of cellulose (∼37%). In fiber processing, lignin and hemicellulose are partially removed, thereby resulting in a net increase in cellulose content. , This explains the higher amount of cellulose or lower lignin and hemicellulose observed in the paper samples. The difference in chemical composition in the paper samples could be due to variability in fiber processing and or different types of fibers used in making the paper samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also measured the XRD data of all the paper samples and raw fiber (Figure B). The peak at 2θ values of ∼21.5 and ∼15.5° originates from (200) and (1–10/110) planes of crystalline phase cellulose I, respectively. , A broad background underlying the peaks is attributed to the amorphous phase. , We also calculated the XRD crystallinity index (CI) following eq (reprinted with permission from ref , copyright Springer Nature 2022). where A t is the integrated intensity of both crystalline and amorphous phases and A am is the intensity of amorphous phase only. We carried out Gaussian fitting in the 2θ range of 10–30° to calculate A t , A am , and CI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and ash contents of the paper and fiber samples were determined gravimetrically following standard test methods. − To determine the cellulose content, 1.000 g of cellulose (oven-dried at 105 °C for 4 h and cooled in a non-hygroscopic desiccator) was treated with 5% NaOH (w/v) for 5 h (fiber to solution w/w ratio 1:30). The content was then cooled and neutralized with 10% H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Properties of Traditional Handmade Paper Samples Fabricated from Cellulosic Fiber of Lokta Bushes

et al. 2022

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Handmade papers (HPs) are fabricated from fibrous biomass of Lokta bushes and other plant species following traditional eco-friendly method in Nepal. Although HP fabricated from Lokta bushes is believed to be durable and resistant to bugs and molds, material properties of this paper are not reported in literature. In this study, we measured several material properties of 10 handmade Lokta paper samples collected from local enterprises and paper industries. The mean caliper, grammage, apparent density, equilibrium moisture content, Cobb 60, brightness, opacity, tensile strength, and tensile index values in the paper samples ranged from ∼90 to 700 μm, 50 to 150 g/m 2 , 0.2 to 0.4 g/cm 3 , 4 to 7%, 50 to 400 g/m 2 , 56 to 67%, 83 to 98%, 30 to 2900 N/m, and 1 to 27 Nm/g, respectively. These properties suggested that the HPs are lightweight papers with intermediate to high strength. The tensile strength was found to be significantly higher along the length direction ( p < 0.05). Characteristic features of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were observed in FTIR spectra. The crystalline and amorphous phases were also identified in X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Electron microscopy images revealed a nicely cross-linked network of intact fibers having almost parallel arrangement of microfibrils. These features could provide strength and durability to the paper samples. Understanding the material properties of HPs down to the sub-microscopic level may help improve the paper quality and find novel applications in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Properties of Traditional Handmade Paper Samples Fabricated from Cellulosic Fiber of Lokta Bushes

et al. 2022

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“…Estimation of major chemical components viz. extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and ash content in the water retted samples (S0, S20, S30, S55 and B0, B20, B30 and B55) was performed gravimetrically following the previously reported methods [25][26][27][28]. Triplicate measurements were made in all the samples for each chemical component.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic study on material properties of water retted Sterculia and Bauhinia fiber

Kandel

Aryal

et al. 2023

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Lignocellulose biomass forms an important component of traditional and next generation composite materials. To obtain desired properties, the biomass needs to be chemo‒mechanically processed at different levels. The raw lignocellulose fiber obtained from Sterculia villosa (Roxb.) and Bauhinia vahlii is traditionally believed to have high water stability; and therefore used in rural areas of South Asian regions to secure objects submerged under water. In this research, we systematically studied several material properties of raw Sterculia and Bauhinia fiber samples retted for 0, 20, 30 and 55 days (n=8). Water retting resulted in significant decrease in lignin and extractives content (p<0.05) and increase in cellulose content. Fiber bundle strength of Sterculia fiber increased with retting time (R2= 0.7) but Bauhinia fiber did not show significant change (p>0.05). Interestingly, water retting resulted in increased thermal stability in both fiber types. These findings suggested that the fiber studied have excellent water stability. The observed trend in mechanical and thermal properties could have resulted from crystallinity change and/or nominal fiber damage as supported by XRD and SEM imaging data; respectively. These findings suggested that Sterculia and Bauhinia fiber biomass could be an important component of biodegradable composite materials which are intended for high wetting and/or humid conditions.

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The effect of eco-friendly chemical treatment on sisal fiber and its epoxy composites: thermal, mechanical, tribological and morphological properties

2022

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Comparative study on material properties of wood-ash alkali and commercial alkali treated Sterculia fiber

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Material Properties of Traditional Handmade Paper Samples Fabricated from Cellulosic Fiber of Lokta Bushes

Material Properties of Traditional Handmade Paper Samples Fabricated from Cellulosic Fiber of Lokta Bushes

A systematic study on material properties of water retted Sterculia and Bauhinia fiber

The effect of eco-friendly chemical treatment on sisal fiber and its epoxy composites: thermal, mechanical, tribological and morphological properties

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