Comparative study on doping of polyaniline with graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Elnaggar, Elsayed M.; Kabel, Khalid I.; Farag, Ahmed A.; Al-Gamal, Abdalrhman G.

doi:10.1007/s40097-017-0217-6

Cited by 80 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The patterns of all NCs generally have the same behavior as CPA. The existence of the crystalline peak at 26° with higher intensity in NCs is due to the overlapping of CPA and graphitic materials which appear at CNMs, and this will result in an enhancement of long‐range conjugation and denotes improvement of π ‐ π interchain‐stacking 60‐61 . The appearance of these peaks is ascribed to the formation of the core‐shell structure of CNMs ‐CPA, and this is compatible with SEM and TEM analysis as we will see later.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Fabrication of conductive cross‐linked polyaniline/G‐MWCNTS core‐shell nanocomposite: A selective sensor for trace determination of chlorophenol in water samples

Katowah

Mohammed

Al‐Eryani

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The nanocomposites (NCs) of cross-linked polyaniline (CPA) with a variety of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) (CPA/CNMs NCs) was prepared by the chemical oxidative copolymerization of PANI and p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) with triphenylamine (TPA) in the presence of CNMs. The results of XRD, FTIR and Raman indicated that the CPA/CNMs NCs were effectively synthesized with strong interactions among the constituents. The morphology study demonstrated that CNMs were well coated by CPA and produce a well-aligned nanorod core-shell structure with the large surface area which may be more beneficial to electrical conductivity when used as electrode materials. Differential thermal analysis techniques (TGA-DTG) were used to characterize the thermal stability of NCs. The heat of formation of CPA monomer from TPA, PPDA and aniline (ANI) were computed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The NCs of G-MWCNTs demonstrate higher affinity to oxidation of Chlorophenols (CPHs) than glassy carbon electrode (GCE), CPA/GCE and the other NCs. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for the trace determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Under the optimum conditions, the peak current of 2,4-DCP was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0.05-0.6 μmol/L. The detection limit was 7.6 nmol/L. The method was successfully applied for the determination of 2,4-DCP in fish farm water with satisfactory recoveries. The suggested method has an advantage to be used for water samples due to its short analytical time, rapid response, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity with good reproducibility. K E Y W O R D S 2,4-dichlorophenol sensor, crosslinked polyaniline/G-MWCNTS nanocomposite, density functional theory, electrochemical properties, thermal properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Conducting polymer (CPs) based sensors have the advantages of the processability of environmental, simplicity, high electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility as well as low cost 1-2 P.ANI in many applications has appeared as one of the most promising CPs materials. 3-6 PANI composites have been used in the fabrication of diverse devices, such as thermoelectric and energy storage devices, biofuel cells and batteries. 7-16 However, the electrochemical applications are the most promising application of these composites. Particularly, in many electroanalytical studies, the fabrication of PANI and PANI composite electrochemical sensors has become a common way and offers high selectivity as well as sensitivity to detect target molecules. 17-19 Crosslinking may be a candidate to enhance the PANI electrical and

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Fabrication of conductive cross‐linked polyaniline/G‐MWCNTS core‐shell nanocomposite: A selective sensor for trace determination of chlorophenol in water samples

Katowah

Mohammed

Al‐Eryani

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Specific features are analyzed as follows: FT-IR spectra showed that the −OH stretching mode of TERGO and N-H stretching vibration of a secondary amine in the PANI backbone completely disappeared (see the inset of the emeraldine base structure, Figure 9). An important reduction in the intensity is observed in the quinonoid stretching ring (1559 cm −1 ) and C-N + stretching on the polaron structure (1235 cm −1 ) [70][71][72][73][74]. Thus, FT-IR spectra evidence that with the amount of TERGO powders, the transmittance is gradually reduced.…”

Section: Uv-vis Spectroscopy Of Pani/tergo Compositesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Functionality of TERGO Powders during the Synthesis of PANI-Based Composites for Electrical Devices

Domínguez‐Crespo

López‐Oyama

Torres‐Huerta

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In this work, hybrid composites were prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) by in situ polymerization. ERGO powders were obtained by a two-way route, Hummer's method, and one-step potential (−2 V) followed by annealing process at 400°C (TERGO powders): different quantities of TERGO fine particles (10, 20, and 30 wt%) were added to the in situ PANI polymerization in order to produce the hybrid composites. The morphology and structure of the PANI/TERGO compounds were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal treatment of ERGO powders pointed out high-defect surfaces with a wrinkle-type morphology (I D /I G ratio~0.90). The emeraldine phase of PANI was obtained with a maximum value of 61%, which decreases with the amount of TERGO powders. It is also seen that composites displayed a combined morphology between PANI matrix and TERGO powders, confirming a physical interaction between both morphologies. The amount of TERGO particles into the polymeric matrix also modifies the sample microstructure from a semispherical shape to extend sheets, where PANI is sandwiched between TERGO layers. Electrical conductivity of composites slightly increases independent of the TERGO amount (30 S/m and 39 S/m) due to the rough TERGO surface that conditioned the homogeneous nucleation of a large amount of polymer (PANI) reducing the area to move the electrical charge.

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“…PANI layer deposited on ZnO surface quenches some of XRD peaks, related to ZnO. New peaks at 25.88, 27.08, 28.83°were attributed to PANI peaks, related to (200), (121) and (022) PANI crystallographic planes [15]. The XRD peaks point the forming of crystalline conductive PANI in the form of emeraldine salt [15].…”

Section: Structural Properties Of Zno-pani Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…New peaks at 25.88, 27.08, 28.83°were attributed to PANI peaks, related to (200), (121) and (022) PANI crystallographic planes [15]. The XRD peaks point the forming of crystalline conductive PANI in the form of emeraldine salt [15]. Peaks of ZnO at 55.88, 60.2 and 64.88 are shifted due to forming of ZnO/PANI composite structure [16].…”

Section: Structural Properties Of Zno-pani Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO/polyaniline composite based photoluminescence sensor for the determination of acetic acid vapor

Turemis

Zappi

Giardi

et al. 2020

Talanta

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In this study, we report a novel ZnO/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite optical gas sensor for the determination of acetic acid at room temperatures. ZnO nanorods, synthesized in powder form were coated by PANI (ZnO/ PANI) by chemical polymerization method. The obtained nanocomposites were deposited on glass substrate and dried overnight at room temperature. Structure and optical properties of ZnO/PANI nanocomposite have been studied by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Tests towards acetic acids were performed in the range of concentrations 1-13 ppm. The adsorption of acetic acid on the sensor's surface resulted in the decrease of ZnO/ PANI photoluminescence. The response and recovery time of the sensor were in the range of 30-50 s and 5 min, respectively. The developed sensors showed sensitivity towards acetic acid in a range of 1-10 ppm with the limit of detection of 1.2 ppm. Specially designed miniaturized sensing system based on integrated sensing layer, light emission diode as excitation source and optical fiber spectrometer was developed for the measurement of the sensor signal. The developed sensing system was applied for the investigation of some real sample assessment including the evaluation of storage conditions of ancient cellulose acetate films, which during the degradation are releasing acetic acid. The obtained results suggest that the developed novel optical ZnO/PANI nanocompsite based sensor shows great potential for acetic acid determination in various samples.

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Comparative study on doping of polyaniline with graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 80 publications

References 48 publications

Fabrication of conductive cross‐linked polyaniline/G‐MWCNTS core‐shell nanocomposite: A selective sensor for trace determination of chlorophenol in water samples

Fabrication of conductive cross‐linked polyaniline/G‐MWCNTS core‐shell nanocomposite: A selective sensor for trace determination of chlorophenol in water samples

Functionality of TERGO Powders during the Synthesis of PANI-Based Composites for Electrical Devices

ZnO/polyaniline composite based photoluminescence sensor for the determination of acetic acid vapor

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