Comparative study of transducers for air-borne sound based on normal and irradiation cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectret films

Xue, Yuan; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Zheng, Junqiang; Liu, Tao; Zhu, Bo

doi:10.1109/tdei.2018.006492

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…IXPP usually provides 33 -constants in the range from 300 up to 700 pC/N being in the same order of magnitude as piezoceramics. The charge constants perpendicular to the polarization axis are about two orders of magnitude lower [9,10]. Another type is parallel tunnel fluorethylenepropylene (FEP), having a macroscopic tunnel-structure, that is formed by a fusion of two waved layers of FEP.…”

Section: Ferroelectretsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a planar attachment of the ferroelectrets without a seismic mass to a vibrating structure primarily leads to a deformation of the ferroelectret in the directions 1 and 2, the derivation of the Young's modulus in 3-direction is not described at this point. Typical values are 0.54 [14] to 1.1 MPa [10]. By a tensile test the Young's modulus in plane direction is measured, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of biogenic materials and ferroelectrets for energy harvesting on vibrating aircraft structures

et al. 2021

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In this publication the application of novel piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting on vibrating aircraft structures is investigated. These materials have significant advantages over conventional piezoelectric transducer materials like piezoceramics. In particular, biogenic materials in the form of wood-based materials and ferroelectrets in the form of irradiation cross-linked polypropylene are the subject of the investigation. The material characterization in terms of mechanical and electromechanical properties is shown for both material types. For the wood materials a compression test is used as the material has load-bearing properties. The ferroelectrets provide high compliances and are therefore investigated in a tensile test for material characterisation as well as in a four-point flexural test regarding its behaviour when glued to a dynamically bending surface. Additionally an FE-model of the material model for ferroelectrets is presented, which is validated by experimental results. An estimation of the power output is given for different concepts with both kinds of materials.

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Section: Ferroelectretsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of biogenic materials and ferroelectrets for energy harvesting on vibrating aircraft structures

et al. 2021

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“…20−22 The first ferroelectret utilized in electroacoustic transducers was polypropylene (PP), 16 showing a high microphone sensitivity of 2 mV/Pa. As research progresses, a large number of ferroelectrets, such as cross-linked polypropylene (IXPP) 23,24 and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), 25 etc., were explored and utilized in electroacoustic transducers and exhibited good acoustic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piezo/ferroelectrets are normally space-charge electrets based on polymer foams, which exhibit a significant piezoelectric effect. , They not only possess a strong piezoelectric effect comparable to piezoelectric ceramics and excellent flexibility like the ferroelectric polymers but also show a very low acoustic impedance (∼0.03 MRayl), making them ideal piezoelectric materials for air-coupled acoustic transducers. − The first ferroelectret utilized in electroacoustic transducers was polypropylene (PP), showing a high microphone sensitivity of 2 mV/Pa. As research progresses, a large number of ferroelectrets, such as cross-linked polypropylene (IXPP) , and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), etc., were explored and utilized in electroacoustic transducers and exhibited good acoustic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable, Bifunctional Electro-acoustic Transducers Based on Cellular Polylactic Acid Ferroelectrets for Sustainable Flexible Electronics

Hu,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nowadays, humans rely increasingly on smart electronics to address grand challenges and to improve life conditions in the era of digitalization and big data. However, electronics often have a limited lifespan, and they may bring electronic waste problems after their service. To mitigate this problem, environmentally sustainable methods of electronic device production and disposal are highly recommended, where advanced functional materials should be redesigned with improved sensing performance over the entire operational life while also being naturally degradable at the end. Herein, a biodegradable and flexible bifunctional electroacoustic transducer was fabricated with the utilization of cellular polylactic acid (PLA) ferroelectret films, possessing a small acoustic impedance of ∼0.02 MRayl which is quite close to that of air and a high figure of merit (FOM: d 33 •g 33 ) of ∼11 GPa −1 . Such devices have a prominent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ∼23.5 dB @1 kHz and can work either as a microphone by direct piezoelectric effect or a loudspeaker by reverse piezoelectric effect in air medium. When used as a microphone, the flexible device exhibits a prominent receiving sensitivity up to 4.2 mV/Pa (∼−47.5 dB/ref. 1 V/Pa) at 1 kHz. When served as a loudspeaker, it is capable of yielding high sound pressure levels (SPLs) ranging from 60 to 103 dB (ref. 20 μPa) in a broad frequency range of 1−80 kHz with an active area of 3.14 cm 2 . Additionally, the electrical response curve of the device is very flat in a wide frequency range from 300 to 3000 Hz. With the high-performance acoustic-electric conversion capacity, the PLA ferroelectret-based flexible and filmlike electroacoustic transducer was used to realize accurate speech recognition and control, providing a strong impetus for its advanced and eco-friendly applications in the era of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence.

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“…This mechanical demand may be obtained by specific polymer processing, such as 3D printing [14], foaming, stretching, thermoforming, and others [15]. Structures made of different electret materials, such as polypropylene (PP) [16], cross-linked PP-XPP [17], poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [18], fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) [19], poly(ethylene tetraphtalate) (PET) [20], poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) [21], or cyclo-olefins polymers [22], have been investigated for many years. The mentioned polymers were used in a 'dispersed' form as gas-electret composites, so-called ferroelectrets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble Electret-Elastomer Piezoelectric Transducer

Kacprzyk

Mirkowska

2020

Energies

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Ferroelectret-based piezoelectric transducers are, nowadays, commonly used in energy harvesting applications due to their high piezoelectric activity. Unfortunately, the processing properties of such materials are limited, and new solutions are sought. This paper presents a new solution of a piezoelectric transducer containing electret bubbles immersed in an elastomer matrix. Application of a gas-filled dielectric bubble as the fundamental cell of the piezo-active structure is discussed. A simplified model of the structure, containing electret thin-wall bubbles and elastomer dielectric filling, was applied to determine the value of the piezoelectric coefficient, d33. An exemplary structure containing piezo-active bubbles, made of an electret material, immersed in an elastomer filling is presented. The influence of the mechanical and electrical properties of particular components on the structure piezoelectric properties are experimentally examined and confirmed. The quasi-static method was used to measure the piezoelectric coefficient, d33. The separation of requirements related to the mechanical and electrical properties of the transducer is discussed.

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Comparative study of transducers for air-borne sound based on normal and irradiation cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectret films

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation of biogenic materials and ferroelectrets for energy harvesting on vibrating aircraft structures

Investigation of biogenic materials and ferroelectrets for energy harvesting on vibrating aircraft structures

Biodegradable, Bifunctional Electro-acoustic Transducers Based on Cellular Polylactic Acid Ferroelectrets for Sustainable Flexible Electronics

Bubble Electret-Elastomer Piezoelectric Transducer

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