Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits

Henke, Julia; Astner, Susanne; Brill, T.; Eissner, B.; Busch, Raymonde; Erhardt, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00242.x

Cited by 66 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Certainly, xylazine must have contributed to, and potentiated the analgesic action of ketamine in The production of analgesia by XK in our study is consistent with findings of similar studies (White & Holmes, 1976;Green et al, 1981;Lipman et al, 1990;Kazemi, 2002;Kilic, 2004). However, some workers despite using higher doses of xylazine-ketamine than the doses used in our study, reported lack of analgesia in all the rabbits studied (Amarpal et al, 2010) while others reported analgesia in only a few of the rabbits studied for only a short period (Henke et al, 2005). This low level of analgesia demonstrated by rabbits in these other studies compared with ours despite their use of higher dosages of xylazine-ketamine may be due to the breed and strain variations of the rabbits used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Comparison of xylazine/ketamine, diazepam/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anaesthesia in Rabbit

Oguntoye¹,

Oke²

2015

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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The efficacy and safety of the recommended intramuscular (im) clinical doses of xylazine-ketamine (5mg-35mg/kg), diazepam-ketamine (5mg-60mg/kg) and acepromazine-ketamine (5mg-75mg/kg) post administration were obtained, evaluated and compared using the following parameters in 10 apparently healthy rabbits: vital parameters (means of heart rates, respiratory rates and temperature), onset of loss of righting reflex, onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, duration at recumbency and attempts to stand. Onset of loss of righting reflex was not significantly different (p>0.05) with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine at 3.4±0.3, 2.0±0.0 and 2.6±0.3 minutes respectively. Diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine showed no analgesia while xylazine-ketamine had onset of analgesia and duration of analgesia of 4.2±0.1 and 57.0±0.7 minutes respectively. Duration of recumbency and first attempt to stand were longest with diazepam-ketamine, intermediate with acepromazine-ketamine and shortest with xylazine-ketamine of 184.4±3.3 and 42.0±1.4; 169.9±3.0 and 26.6±1.7; and 62±1.5 and 11.2±0.9 minutes respectively. Mean heart rate ranged between 173.2±6.6 to 187.2±7.5; 188.6±6.4 to 206.0±3.1 and 190.8±1.3 to 202.8±1.9 beats/minute with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine, and acepromazine-ketamine respectively. Mean respiratory rate ranges were 58.4±3.5 to 133.0±11.2; 71.4±6.9 to 121.2±12.6 and 80.8±6.2 to 137.0±4.3 breaths/minute with xylazine-ketamine, diazepamketamine and acepromazine-ketamine respectively. Mean temperature ranges were 39.9±0.1 to 40.0±0.1; 39.0±0.3 to 39.9±0.1 and 39.6±0.1 to 40.2±0.0 : C with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine and acepromazineketamine respectively. In conclusion, all the three ketamine drug combinations produced unconsciousness and immobility, but only xylazine-ketamine provided additional analgesia. They were associated with normal heart rate and rectal temperature, as well as polypnoea of some clinical concern. Only xylazine-ketamine is potentially useful for painful procedures. Addition of specific analgesics to diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine may make them useful for painful procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Comparison of xylazine/ketamine, diazepam/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anaesthesia in Rabbit

Oguntoye¹,

Oke²

2015

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…The length of surgical anesthesia was evaluated by loss of withdrawal and ear-pinch reflexes [9] . The recovery was assessed by the existence of righting reflex (able to return sternal position by own after being placed on its back) [9,10] and excitement signs (apperance of vocalization, growling, thumping and convulsion). The heart and respiratory rate values were recorded with a veterinary vital signs monitor (Cardell, 9404, Sharn Veterinary Inc, USA) and stethoscope, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi

Yanmaz¹,

Şenocak²,

DOĞAN³

et al. 2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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This study was aimed out to evaluate the effects of vitamin C premedication on xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups (Group XK and Group VCXK) that each had 3 males and 3 females. The animals in group XK were treated with 10 mg/kg Xylazine HCl and 50 mg/kg Ketamine HCl. The animals in group VCXK were pre-treated with 60 mg/kg Vitamin C prior to xylazine-ketamine combination. The onset of anesthesia, the length of surgical anesthesia and the recovery time were recorded. Body temperature, heart and respiratory rates were recorded at 0,5,10,15, 30, 45, 60 min. In XK group onset of action and length of surgical anesthesia were 5.81±0.19 min and 55.00±2.81 min, respectively. Premedication of rabbits with 60 mg/kg vitamin C resulted in significant decrease in the onset of action (3.93±0.13 min) and increase in the duration of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia (77.50±6.15 min). The body temperature change between treatment groups were significant at 30, 45 and 60 min. This study shows that vitamin C administration prior to xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits decreases the time for onset of action and prolonged the length of surgical anesthesia. Keywords: Xylazine, Ketamine, Anesthesia, Vitamin C, Recovery, New Zealand white rabbit Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi ÖzetBu çalışma, beyaz Yeni Zelanda tavşanlarında xylazine-ketamine anestezisi üzerine vitamin C premedikasyonunun etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. On-iki beyaz Yeni Zelenda tavşanı her grupta 3 erkek ve 3 dişi olacak şekilde iki gruba (Grup XK ve Grup VCXK) ayrıldı. Grup XK'daki hayvanlara 10 mg/kg Xylazine HCl ve 50 mg/kg Ketamin HCl uygulandı. Grup VCXK'daki hayvanlara Xylazine-Ketamine kombinasyonu öncesinde, 60 mg/kg Vitamin C verildi. Anestezi başlangıcı, cerrahi anestezi süresi ve uyanma zamanı kaydedildi. Vücut sıcaklığı, kalp frekansı ve solunum oranları 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 ve 60. dakikalarda

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“…anaesthesia and remains popular 2,3 . However, the changes of respiratory rate under ketamine in rabbits' anaesthesia should be taken into account is reported 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of airway management capacity of v-gel and cobra-PLA in anaesthetised rabbits

et al. 2015

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PURPOSE:To evaluate the applicability and airway management capacity of v-gel ® and Cobra PLA in rabbit anaesthesia during assisted (AV) or controlled ventilation (CV). METHODS:This study was carried out in 44 adult New Zealand white rabbit. Baseline arterial pH, PaCO 2 and PaO 2 values were recorded. Anaesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg xylasine and 35 mg/kg ketamine HCI combination. AV rabbits were assigned as;control (CG-AV; n=5), LMA (LMA-AV; n=5), cobra PLA (PLA-AV; n=5) and v-gel (v-gelAV; n=5). Rabbits have CV were also assigned as; ET (ET-CV; n=6), LMA (LMA-CV; n=6), cobraPLA (PLA-CV; n=6) and v-gel (v-gelCV; n=6). All measurements were repeated 1st, 5th, 15th and 30th mins during anaesthesia. RESULTS:The less insertion time, number of attempt and complications are recorded in v-gel applied rabbits compared to other apparatus. For arterial pH values significant differences are recorded in especially at 15th and 30th min between groups of CV (p<0.005 or p<0.001). All groups had similar results with each other during anaesthesia for PaCO 2 except for LMA-CV group. CONCLUSION:The v-gel may be used as airway device in rabbit anaesthesia undergoing AV or CV and also can be a suitable alternative to endotracheal tubes and laryngeal mask airway.

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Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations (medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits

Cited by 66 publications

References 11 publications

A Comparison of xylazine/ketamine, diazepam/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anaesthesia in Rabbit

A Comparison of xylazine/ketamine, diazepam/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anaesthesia in Rabbit

Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi

The investigation of airway management capacity of v-gel and cobra-PLA in anaesthetised rabbits

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