Comparative Study of the Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Fodder Additives and Sheep Blood Serum by Amperometric and Biochemical Methods

Abstract

The effects of chitosan as feed additive for animals (FAFAs) on various digestive processes are an important to study because of the animal nutrition and production quality, healthcare and farming. The aims of this study were to evaluate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) of chitosan and high protein microbiologically synthesized concentrate as FAFAs; to assess the effect of these FAFAs on TAWSA values, parameters of sheep blood serum and rumen content by biochemical, physical and chemical methods. The laboratory studies of TAWSA values of feed components based on chitosan from different manufacturers or/and a high-protein concentrate were implemented. The animal experiments were carried out on six rumen-fistulated ewes (in three rounds of 14 days each, i.e., three groups) to confirm the results of the laboratory studies. The particular differences of the TAWSA of sheep blood by using both FAFAs by amperometric method were determined. A strong negative correlation −0.67 (or −0.86) was observed between TAWSA and the total protein (globulin’s) content in the blood for the Group 3 of animals. A moderate (0.40) or strong (0.73) positive correlation between TAWSA and total protein content in the blood for the Group 2 of animals than weak correlation 0.23 (or 0.26) for the control Group 1. In conclusion, the correlations between the value changes of TAWSA vs. major biochemical parameters of a blood serum of rumen-fistulated ewes (Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1) or some indicators of the rumen content (ingesta pH, total content of volatile fatty acids, etc.) were found for the first time.

Correlations between Antioxidant and Biochemical Parameters of Blood Serum of Duroc Breed Pigs

“…Some of these biochemical parameters differed slightly in a number of values: urea—by −5.3% and +4.7%, and creatinine—by −14.0% and −7.8%, for groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1, respectively ( Table 1 , Table 2 and Table 3 ). This is normal for a young growing organism and indicates an improvement in protein metabolism in a number of animals [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Similar values of the total protein content in the blood serum of piglets were also noted by other authors [ 9 , 10 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], and it was indicated that this parameter “differed by variability” [ 28 ].…”

“…This is normal for a young growing organism and indicates an improvement in protein metabolism in a number of animals [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Similar values of the total protein content in the blood serum of piglets were also noted by other authors [ 9 , 10 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], and it was indicated that this parameter “differed by variability” [ 28 ].…”

“…Some types of antioxidants with different functions inhibit lipid peroxidation and the harmful effects caused by lipid peroxidation products. Much attention has recently been paid to the biological role of lipid peroxidation products, but it is topical to study the relationship between biochemical parameters and indicators of antioxidant protection [ 38 , 42 ].…”

“…Pre-dilution, mixing, incubation, rinsing and measurement of the samples were controlled automatic. The following biochemical indicators were determined [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]: the concentration of total protein (TP)—by the biuret method; albumin (A)—by the colorimetric method with bromcresol green; urea—by enzymatic colorimetric analysis (Berthelot method); creatinine—by the kinetic Yaffe method; glucose—by the enzymatic glucose oxidase method; cholesterol (Chol) and triglycerides (TG) by the enzyme-colorimetric method; bilirubin (quantification by the Walters and Gerarde method); calcium (Ca)—by the O-cresolphthalein complexon method; phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe)—by the colorimetric method; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity—by the UV-kinetic method; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by—the UV-kinetic method; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity—by the kinetic method. The following ratios and indicators were determined by calculation: A/G, Ca/P, ALT/AST and the concentration of globulins (G) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Analysis of changes in hematological indexes and essential trace elements metabolism under the using of vitamin-amino acid complex

“…Зокрема, важливе значення мають мінеральні елементи, ферменти та амі-нокислоти. Використання цих біологічно активних речовин дає змогу найбільш ефективно використовувати поживні речовини раціону, що забезпечує максимально можливу генетично обумовлену продуктивність тварин, високу відтворювальну здатність [14][15][16].…”