Comparative study of the leachability of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate from haemodialysis tubing

Kambia, K; Dine, T.; Azar, Rania; Gressier, Bernard; Luyckx, M.; Brunet, C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00840-7

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate or 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester commonly known as TOTM, is about two times more viscous than DIDP and is one of the most used plasticizers in the polymer industry, which makes it available throughout the world [35,36]. It is used as plasticizer for flexible and high temperature resistant PVC products, and its utilization seems to be expanding [35][36][37][38][39][40]. To our knowledge, although TOTM is classified as harmful in contact with skin, and susceptible to cause serious eye irritation, it is not classified as dangerous, according to European Directive 67/548/ EEC [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Diogo

Avelino

Caetano

et al. 2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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A B S T R A C TThe article reports viscosity measurements of compressed liquid tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate or 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TOTM) which is an important plasticizer in the polymer industry and has wide applications as a lubricant. Nevertheless, the main motivation for the present work is to propose TOTM as a plausible candidate for an industrial viscosity reference fluid for high viscosity, high pressure and high temperature. This kind of reference fluid is presently on demand by oil industries and the International Association for Transport Properties is developing efforts aiming to select appropriate candidates and to establish the corresponding reference data.The viscosity measurements were performed with a novel vibrating wire sensor. The new instrument was designed for operation at high pressures (up to 100 MPa) and temperatures up to 373 K. The present measurements were obtained using the vibrating wire sensor in the forced oscillation or steady-state mode of operation. The viscosity measurements were carried out up to 65 MPa and at six temperatures from (303 to 373) K.The viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The root mean square deviation of the data from the correlation is 0.53% and the maximum absolute relative deviation was less than 1.7%. The expanded uncertainty of the present viscosity results, at a 95% confidence level, is estimated to be less than AE2% for viscosities up to 68 mPa s, less than AE2.6% for viscosities between (69 and 268) mPa s and less than AE3% for higher viscosities.The TOTM density data necessary to compute the viscosity results were measured using a vibrating Utube densimeter, model DMA HP and are described in part II of the present work.No literature data above atmospheric pressure could be found for the viscosity of TOTM. As a consequence, the present viscosity results could only be compared upon extrapolation of the vibrating wire data to 0.1 MPa. Independent viscosity measurements were performed, at atmospheric pressure, using an Ubbelohde capillary in order to compare with the vibrating wire results, extrapolated by means of the above mentioned correlation. The two data sets agree within AE1%, which is commensurate with the mutual uncertainty of the experimental methods. Comparisons of the literature data obtained at atmospheric pressure with the present extrapolated vibrating-wire viscosity measurements have shown an agreement within AE2% for temperatures up to 339 K and within AE3.3% for temperatures up to 368 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Diogo

Avelino

Caetano

et al. 2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) or trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), an ester of trimellitic acid has been increasingly attractive because of its potential for lower leachability [15,16]. However, little information was available on TOTM biological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular modelling of phthalates – PPARs interactions

Kambia

Renault

Dilly

et al. 2008

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that is used in plastic tubes, in medical and paramedical devices as well as in food storage packaging. The toxicological profile of DEHP has been evaluated in a number of experimental animal models and has been extensively documented. Its toxicity is in part linked to the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPAR a ). As a response, an intensive research for a new, biologically inert plasticizer has been initiated. Among the alternative studied, tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) or trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) has attracted increasing interest. However, very little information is available on their biological effects. We proceeded to dock TOTM, DEHP and its metabolites in order to identify compounds that are likely to interact with PPAR a and PPAR g binding sites. The results obtained hint that TOTM is not able to bind to PPARs and should therefore be safer than DEHP.

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“…Kambia et al (Kambia et al, 2001) studied the leachability of DEHP from PVC haemodialysis tubing during maintenance haemodialysis of 10 patients with chronic renal failure. The patient blood obtained from the inlet and the outlet of the dialyzer was analyzed during a 4 h dialysis session.…”

Section: The Effect Of Plasticizers On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%