Comparative study of subchronic toxicities of mosquito repellents (coils, mats and liquids) on vital organs in Swiss albino mice

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the toxicities of different types of mosquito repellents i.e. coils, mats and liquid vapors in animal models. Different types of mosquito repellents including liquid vaporizers, coils and mats have been extensively used by the people to get protection from the mosquitoes and diseases associated with them. The active constituents of these repellents include; allethrins, pyrethrins, paraffin and various other derivatives, are well known for their toxicities. Exposure of albino mice to these repellents for 3 h per day over a period of 20 days produced significant toxicological effects on vital body organs including; liver, lungs, kidneys, brain and heart. The order of toxicity of different repellents on nervous and hepatic tissues was found to be: Coil > Liquid > Mat while in renal and cardiac tissues, the coil was again found to be the most toxic one, mat with medium toxicity whereas liquid as least toxic (Coil > Mat > liquid). Lungs tissues are almost equally affected by all the repellants. On the basis of current findings, it has been concluded that exposure to various types of mosquito repellents can be deleterious to health and can cause various health related issues by producing pathological changes in the vital organs.

Pyrethroid-Induced Organ Toxicity and Anti-Oxidant-Supplemented Amelioration of Toxicity and Organ Damage: The Protective Roles of Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol

“…α-Tocopherol (E307) (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA through Bayouni Trading Co. Ltd., Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia) in water and 0.2 mL Tween ® -80 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA through Bayouni Trading Co. Ltd., Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia) were mixed to produce a total volume of 10 mL. Doses of 100 mg/kg were administered [22]. A total of 40 healthy male albino mice aged 3-4 months and weighing ≈30 g were maintained in 12 h light-dark cycles at a 24 ± 2 °C temperature and The current study intended to explore the histopathological changes and their remediation in different organs of the experimental animals, i.e., mice exposed to pyrethroids, which humans may encounter when exposed in agro-sector activities, as well as being inhaled from uses of commercially available pyrethroid-formulated products, such as household insecticides and mosquito repellents.…”

“…The pyrethroid constituents cause multifocal congestion, interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration, cystic dilation in the medulla, and extensive fibrosis in affected animals' kidneys. These toxicants are also known to cause hyperemia, degeneration, and atrophy in cardiac tissues, with extensive noxious effects on the nervous system [18][19][20][21][22]. The current study intended to explore the histopathological changes and their remediation in different organs of the experimental animals, i.e., mice exposed to pyrethroids, which humans may encounter when exposed in agro-sector activities, as well as being inhaled from uses of commercially available pyrethroid-formulated products, such as household insecticides and mosquito repellents.…”

“…The pyrethroid constituents cause multifocal congestion, interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration, cystic dilation in the medulla, and extensive fibrosis in affected animals’ kidneys. These toxicants are also known to cause hyperemia, degeneration, and atrophy in cardiac tissues, with extensive noxious effects on the nervous system [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Vitamin E ameliorates testicular histological features and androgen binding protein levels in testicle of rats induced by allethrin

“…1b). Previous studies also revealed that the exposure of pyrethroid such as prallethrin and allethrin exposure has a direct toxic effect to cells, such as toxic effects include infiltration of testicle tissues by inflammatory cells, degeneration, atrophy, hyperemia, necrosis, and edema tubules with the formation of vacuoles and edematous fluid [16,17]. This causes the diameter of the seminiferous tubules to enlarge.…”

Blends of neem oil based polyesteramide as nanofiber mats to control Culicidae

“…4 However, mosquito repellents are extensively used in the form of gels, coils, mats, sticks, sprays, transdermal patches, etc. 5 The synthetic chemical components, D-allethrin, D-transallethrin, dimethyl phthalate, transuthrin, DEET (N,Ndiethyl-meta-toluamide), permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin, etc. 6 were used as mosquito repellents for combating with these mosquitoes.…”