Comparative study of obstructive urolithiasis and its sequelae in buffalo calves

Abstract

Aim:The present work was designed to study the incidence of obstructive urolithiasis and to apply comparative diagnosis to urine retention cases.Materials and Methods:A total of 78 non-castrated buffalo calves aging 3-11 months were included in this study, 68 calves were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Egypt, during the study period with a history of anuria, and they were classified into three groups; intact bladder group (19 calves), uroperitoneum group (45 calves), and ruptured urethra group (4 calves). 10 apparently healthy calves were used for comparison. On the basis of history, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings diagnosis was achieved.Results:There was a marked increase in the incidence of obstructive urolithiasis in winter season, especially in winter months of 2016. Calves within the age of 3-4 months and 6-8 months were mostly affected. Inappetence to anorexia, restlessness or depression, and abdominal distension were the most observed signs in the diseased calves. Laboratory findings revealed hemoconcentration and a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in all diseased groups. Hyperproteinemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia with electrolytes imbalance were recorded in the uroperitoneum group. Ultrasonographically, distended urinary bladder with distal acoustic enhancement revealed obstructive urolithiasis with intact bladder while anechoic fluid in abdominal cavity indicates uroperitoneum.Conclusion:On the basis of all findings, calves with intact bladder were in superior condition than those with a ruptured urethra and both were better than those with uroperitoneum.

Obstructive urolithiasis in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): Serum changes of Vitamins A and D and efficacy of surgical management using tube cystostomy

“…These signs agreed with previously described [30]. Contrastingly, calves with bladder rupture showed signs of anuria, anorexia, dullness, dehydration, sunken eye, abdominal distension with thrilling, rough coat, and uremic breath, these findings were reported in calves with bladder rupture in the previous studies [7,11].…”

“…In the present study, the duration of retention may give a tentative diagnosis of the case, anuria for 1-3 days indicating intact bladder while anuria for more than 3 days indicating complications with bladder rupture. Similar observations were reported previously [7,29]. The long duration of the illness might be attributed to lack of attention by the owners or delay of admission due to misdiagnosis of the cases and failed treatment trials [7].…”

“…Similar observations were reported previously [7,29]. The long duration of the illness might be attributed to lack of attention by the owners or delay of admission due to misdiagnosis of the cases and failed treatment trials [7]. Ultrasonography is a blue in 64 calves with intact bladder.…”

“…The ventral vertex was reported in five cases, while subserous rupture was reported in nine cases. The bladder appearance was smooth, and its color varied from pinkish to dark previous studies [4,7,13]. Such findings might be attributed to the weaning of male buffalo calves that accompanied by diet shifting to high concentrates, and this could be favored by limited water intake in cold months as presented in the present study [27].…”

“…The disease is highly incident in the male buffalo calves than the cow calves. Furthermore, it is more frequently occurred in the winter season rather than other seasons [5][6][7]. Surgical management is efficient in curing most cases [8].…”