Comparative Study of Fowl Plague Virus and a Virus Isolated from Man

Abstract

FOWL PLAGUE is caused by an infectious filtrable virus and is characterized by high mortality among chickens. Although the disease has not occurred in the United States since 1929, it has been considered enzootic chiefly in eastern Europe, the Mediterranean basin, Egypt, and Asia. The disease has often been confused with that caused by the virulent form of Newcastle disease virus. In 1959, slightly more than a month after he returned from a 2-month trip abroad, a 46-yearold white man with clinically diagnosed infec¬ tious hepatitis was hospitalized. He had been generally healthy during visits to Japan,

Continued Circulation in China of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Encoding the Hemagglutinin Gene Associated with the 1997 H5N1 Outbreak in Poultry and Humans

“…These viruses were also nearly identical at the nucleotide level to viruses isolated from the avian influenza outbreak in chickens (3,33,35). Although avian influenza viruses have infected humans previously (13,22,39,42), this was the first report of an avian influenza virus causing severe disease and death in a human host (11,12,35). The continuing occurrence of infection of humans with new subtypes of influenza virus led to fears of a deadly influenza pandemic.…”

Development of a High-Yield Live Attenuated H7N9 Influenza Virus Vaccine That Provides Protection against Homologous and Heterologous H7 Wild-Type Viruses in Ferrets

“…Avian influenza H7 subtype viruses have caused occasional human infection since 1959 (1)(2)(3)(4). In 2003, an outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 virus in poultry farms in the Netherlands resulted in 89 cases of human infection, including one fatal case and three cases of possible human-to-human transmission (5).…”

Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza (H7) Virus Infection in Mice and Ferrets: Enhanced Virulence of Eurasian H7N7 Viruses Isolated from Humans

“…Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus strains of the H5 subtype continue to pose a significant threat to animal health and have resulted in over 300 laboratory-confirmed human cases of H5N1 infection in 12 countries (51a). Prior to 2003, human infections with influenza A H7 viruses were historically rare and largely due to laboratory or occupational exposure (1,4,9,21,45,51). H7 viruses of avian origin have mounted productive infections in horse and seal populations (34,51), and a substantial increase in the number of H7 virus outbreaks and human infections with H7 viruses has occurred in recent years, with the majority of infections resulting in conjunctivitis (5).…”