Comparative Study of Different Alkali (Na, Li) Titanate Substrates as Active Materials for Anodes of Lithium - Ion Batteries

Abstract

The relationship between structure and lithium storage capacity of different titanate samples as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is discussed. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The structure, surface and morphology of the samples were characterized by SEM, XRD and RAMAN spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance was studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and rate capability. The lithium titanate presented the highest capacity of the three electrodes, together with the most reversible potential plateau at 1.6 V vs. Li + /Li 0 and the best response in rate capability. Apparent diffusion coefficients of Li + ions into the titanate matrices were obtained, showing the highest value for the lithium titanate compound. Between both sodium titanates, Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 presented the highest specific capacity and the best discharge retention.

Systematic Study of Alkali Cations Intercalated Titanium Dioxide Effect on Sodium and Lithium Storage

“…For LTO, the peaks were located at 272, 434, and 676 cm −1 , corresponding to the vibration modes of the spinel structure, which was consistent with previous reports. [ 31 ] In addition, two strong peaks were also observed at ≈280 and ≈450 cm −1 for both NTO and KTO. The peaks of titanate at 660–680 cm −1 are caused by Ti‐O‐Ti stretching at the edge of Ti‐O polyhedron.…”

“…The band located at about 300 cm −1 , indicating the stretch vibrations between alkali metal ion and oxygen ions. [ 31,32 ]…”

Identifying different states of lithiation of Li4Ti5O12 spinel by energy-dispersive inelastic X-ray scattering (EDIXS) spectroscopy

“…For this purpose, LTO-working electrodes using a mixture of the active material (LTO, synthesized following previous works procedure [21,22] ), a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) and a conductive carbon black (Timcal Super P) in a weight ratio of 80:10:10, respectively, were prepared. The mixture was dispersed in an adequate solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and maintained under stirring for 12 hours to obtain a homogeneous slurry.…”

Depth profiling characterization of the titanium chemical state on electrode surfaces for technological applications

“…Titanium is a transition element which is widely used in state-of-the-art technology, such as for medical prosthetic implants, solid state memories, active materials for Li-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photocatalysts, among others. 1–10…”