Identifying different states of lithiation of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ spinel by energy-dispersive inelastic X-ray scattering (EDIXS) spectroscopy

Abstract

The Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) compound has been investigated as an alternative negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which are being used as energy storage devices in stationary systems as...

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Lithium titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) has also been proposed as an alternative for the negatively charged electrode of lithium ion batteries. The different states of lithiation were investigated using energy dispersive inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy in a paper by Robledo et al 255 The technique was used to differentiate between the lithiated and de-lithiated forms of the compound with good sensitivity and was regarded as being a reliable tool for undertaking such speciation work. The results were compared with those obtained using XANES and were in good agreement.…”

Depth profiling characterization of the titanium chemical state on electrode surfaces for technological applications

“…This technique is a promising and novel tool for the discrimination and characterization of samples and materials of interest. 24 During the last decade, and thanks to the versatility of X-ray emission techniques, EDIXS allowed the successful characterization of a wide variety of samples, from energy storage materials 25 to contaminated waters. 26 The versatility of this technique can be extended to irradiation geometries and experimental setups.…”

“…26 The versatility of this technique can be extended to irradiation geometries and experimental setups. Several results were reported in the last few years regarding the application of EDIXS in different geometries with the aim of highlighting specic sample information: 45-45 for bulk inspections, 25,[27][28][29][30] total reection for surface analysis, 26,31 grazing incidence for surface studies [32][33][34] and even confocal setups for 3D explorations. 35 It is interesting to note that EDIXS has already been successfully employed for the discrimination of multilayered metallic samples.…”