Comparative Study of Contents of Several Bioactive Components in Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms

Lo, Yu-Chang; Lin, Shin-Yi; Ulziijargal, Enkhjargal; Chen, Shin-Yu; Chien, Rao-Chi; Tzou, Yi-Jing; Mau, Jeng‐Leun

doi:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i4.30

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Specifically, AMRL 52 and AMRL 63 mycelia achieved the highest TP content of 18.4% and 15.4% of dried biomass in PP and WG–PP, respectively. Previous studies have identified the bioactive compounds [60] deriving from Morchella mushrooms, showing that their functional properties are related to beneficial effects on human health [20,21,61]. The present results demonstrate the perspective for the production of bioactive compounds, such as glucosamine and polysaccharides, from Morchella sp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Papadaki

Diamantopoulou

Papanikolaou

et al. 2019

Foods

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Morchella sp. is one of the most expensive mushrooms with a high nutritional profile. In this study, the polysaccharide content of Morchella species was investigated. Specifically, mycelium growth rate, biomass production, sclerotia formation, and glucosamine and total polysaccharides content of six Morchella species grown on a starch-based media were evaluated. Submerged fermentations in potato dextrose broth resulted in a glucosamine content of around 3.0%. In solid-state fermentations (SSF), using potato dextrose agar, a high linear growth rate (20.6 mm/day) was determined. Increased glucosamine and total polysaccharides content were observed after the formation of sclerotia. Biomass and glucosamine content were correlated, and the equations were used for the indirect estimation of biomass in SSF with agro-industrial starch-based materials. Wheat grains (WG), potato peels (PP), and a mixture of 1:1 of them (WG–PP) were evaluated as substrates. Results showed that the highest growth rate of 9.05 mm/day was determined on WG and the maximum biomass yield (407 mg/g) on WG–PP. The total polysaccharide content reached up to 18.4% of dried biomass in WG–PP. The results of the present study proved encouraging for the efficient bioconversion of potato and other starch-based agro-industrial waste streams to morel biomass and sclerotia eliciting nutritional and bioactive value.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Papadaki

Diamantopoulou

Papanikolaou

et al. 2019

Foods

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“…Few studies on the chemical composition of mushrooms Pleurotus salmoneostramineus have been performed whereas the evaluation of their biological activities remains underexplored [15, 28, 29]. In the present study, the fractionating of the organic crude extract of P. salmoneostramineus yielded an antitrypanosomal substance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ergosterol isolated from the basidiomycete Pleurotus salmoneostramineus affects Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane and mitochondria

Alexandre

Lima

Galuppo

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundMajor drawbacks of the available treatment against Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) include its toxicity and therapeutic inefficiency in the chronic phase of the infection, which makes it a concern among neglected diseases. Therefore, the discovery of alternative drugs for treating chronic Chagas disease requires immediate action. In this work, we evaluated the mushroom Pleurotus salmoneostramineus in the search for potential antiparasitic compounds.MethodsFruit bodies of the basidiomycete Pleurotus salmoneostramineus were triturated and submitted to organic solvent extraction. After liquid-liquid partition of the crude extract, three fractions were obtained and the bioguided fractionation study was conducted to isolate the active metabolites. The elucidation of the chemical structure was performed using GC-MS and NMR techniques. The biological assays for antiparasitic activity were carried out using trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and murine macrophages for mammalian cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action of the isolated compound used different fluorescent probes to evaluate the plasma membrane permeability, the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).ResultsThe most abundant fraction showing the antiparasitic activity was isolated and chemically elucidated, confirming the presence of ergosterol. It showed anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity against trypomastigotes, with an IC50 value of 51.3 μg/mL. The compound demonstrated no cytotoxicity against mammalian cells to the maximal tested concentration of 200 μg/mL. The mechanism of action of ergosterol in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes resulted in permeabilization of the plasma membrane, as well as depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to parasite death. Nevertheless, no increase in ROS levels could be observed, suggesting damages to plasma membrane rather than an induction of oxidative stress in the parasite.ConclusionsThe selection of naturally antiparasitic secondary metabolites in basidiomycetes, such as ergosterol, may provide potential scaffolds for drug design studies against neglected diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40409-017-0120-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…For example, the percentage of HMGCR patients with statin exposure ranged from 38 to 63% in US cohorts [8, 34•], was 44% in a European cohort [23], and was only 14–38% in Asian cohorts [22, 49]. Interestingly, statins are present in some foods and dietary supplements including certain types of fungus (like the oyster mushroom) [50], red yeast rice [51], or pu-erh tea [52]. These alternative sources of statins are common in Asian cooking, suggesting the possibility that the weaker association between anti-HMGCR and medical statin exposure in Asian cohorts may be explained by the higher exposure to these other alimentary sources of statins.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis and Physiopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy

2018

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Purpose of Review Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a type of autoimmune myopathy characterized by relatively severe proximal weakness, myofiber necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate on muscle biopsy, and infrequent extra-muscular involvement. Here, we will review the characteristics of patients with IMNM. Recent Findings Anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) and anti-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) autoantibodies are closely associated with IMNM and define unique subtypes of patients. Importantly, the new European Neuromuscular Centre criteria recognize anti-SRP myopathy, anti-HMGCR myopathy, and autoantibody-negative IMNM as three distinct subtypes of IMNM. Anti-SRP myopathy patients have more severe muscle involvement, have more common extra-muscular features, and may respond best to immunosuppressive regimens that include rituximab. In contrast, anti-HMGCR myopathy is often associated with statin exposure and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment may be an effective treatment, even as monotherapy. Both anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR myopathy tend to be most severe in younger patients. Furthermore, children with these forms of IMNM may present with dystrophy-like features which are potentially reversible with immunosuppressant treatment. IMNM patients with either autoantibody may experience fatty replacement of muscle soon after disease onset, suggesting that intense and early immunosuppressant therapy may provide the best chance to avoid long-term disability. Summary IMNM is composed of anti-SRP myopathy, anti-HMGCR myopathy, and autoantibody-negative IMNM. Both anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR myopathy can cause severe weakness, especially in younger patients. Anti-SRP myopathy patients tend to have the most severe weakness and most prevalent extra-muscular features. Autoantibody-negative IMNM remains poorly described.

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Comparative Study of Contents of Several Bioactive Components in Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates

Ergosterol isolated from the basidiomycete Pleurotus salmoneostramineus affects Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane and mitochondria

Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy

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