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A non-enzymatic glucose sensor was successfully fabricated by immobilization of bimetallic hollow Ag/Pt nanoparticles (BH-Ag/Pt NPs) using the galvanic replacement reaction onto the surface of the pretreated pure Au electrode. The morphology and composition of the BH-Ag/Pt NPs were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which proved the formation of bimetallic hollow Ag/Pt nanoparticles. The electroactive surface area and interface property of the Au electrode modified by BH-Ag/Pt NPs were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The associated calculated values were 0.210 cm 2 and 11.30 Ω cm 2 , which were distinctly higher than those of the pure Au electrode. The electrocatalytic properties of the modified electrode toward glucose oxidation were evaluated by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the modified electrode had a high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation, a linear response to the glucose concentrations ranging from 1 to 12 mM covering the physiological level of 3-8 mM with a current sensitivity of 7 μA mM −1 and a low detection limit of 0.013 mM. Moreover, the modified electrode also showed ideal reproducibility, long-term stability, and high selectivity. It also showed good glucometer test values for real samples. Therefore, both of the facile preparation method and the excellent properties of the Au electrode modified by BH-Ag/Pt NPs could potentially be implemented to develop novel non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
A non-enzymatic glucose sensor was successfully fabricated by immobilization of bimetallic hollow Ag/Pt nanoparticles (BH-Ag/Pt NPs) using the galvanic replacement reaction onto the surface of the pretreated pure Au electrode. The morphology and composition of the BH-Ag/Pt NPs were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which proved the formation of bimetallic hollow Ag/Pt nanoparticles. The electroactive surface area and interface property of the Au electrode modified by BH-Ag/Pt NPs were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The associated calculated values were 0.210 cm 2 and 11.30 Ω cm 2 , which were distinctly higher than those of the pure Au electrode. The electrocatalytic properties of the modified electrode toward glucose oxidation were evaluated by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the modified electrode had a high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation, a linear response to the glucose concentrations ranging from 1 to 12 mM covering the physiological level of 3-8 mM with a current sensitivity of 7 μA mM −1 and a low detection limit of 0.013 mM. Moreover, the modified electrode also showed ideal reproducibility, long-term stability, and high selectivity. It also showed good glucometer test values for real samples. Therefore, both of the facile preparation method and the excellent properties of the Au electrode modified by BH-Ag/Pt NPs could potentially be implemented to develop novel non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
Magnetic nanoparticles made from organic and inorganic materials have gained significant technological progress and are widely applied in biomedicine, including magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery systems, biosensors, hyperthermia, and tissue engineering. The most reported synthesis methods include hydrothermal, sol‐gel, laser ablation, microemulsion, and ball‐milling methods. The synthesis parameters have a strong correlation with essential properties, such as phase, size, and surface morphology, which greatly influence the macroscopic properties and potential applications of the particles. Different preparation methods result in magnetic nanoparticles with varying characteristics, and the appropriate method can be chosen based on the requirements of the specific application. Two effective methods for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles are coprecipitation and hydrothermal method because the preparation is relatively simple with low energy consumption, and uniform and homogeneous crystals are obtained.
[a] 1IntroductionIn recent years,i ncreasing efforts have been focused on the development of affinity sensors for biomedical, foodsafety and environmental applications [1][2][3].Ak ey step in the constructiono fa ffinity biosensors is representedb yt he selection of an appropriate biorecognition elementt hat bindst he target molecule.A ntibodies have been widely applieda sr ecognition elements [4,5]. Theq uality of the designed immunosensor depends on the affinity and selectivity of the selecteda ntibody to its antigen, as well as the proper immobilization of the antibody,w ith an optimum density and adjustedo rientation for the antigenb inding [6,7].To overcome problems relating to stability of antibodies and to improve specificity and sensitivity of affinity biosensors,s ynthetic molecules such as peptidesa nd nucleic aptamers have been explored [8].In recent years,a ptamers have been studied intensively becauset hey offer significant advantages over antibodies such as easy synthesis,easy labeling,good stability and resistance to denaturation, high specificity for target molecules and the possibilityt od istinguish between very similar targets [9]. Different affinity sensors have been designed improving the analytical performances in real samples.T he use of micro-and nanoparticles eithera si mmobilization platforms [10][11][12] or as labels [13,14] hasa ttracted major attention lately.T heir use as as olid support for the immobilization of the recognitione lement has many advantages such asf ast and specific immobilization of aw ide amounto fb ioelements due to the large bindings urface conferred by their geometry and small size.T his leads to an improved sensitivity,e asy separation after the washing and reactions teps,e asy manipulation,r eduction of the analysis time and reagents consumption. In addition, magnetic beads-based assay could be successfully applied to biological samples withoutt he requiremento fa ny purifications teps,r educing at the same time the matrix effect due to the improved washings teps [15][16][17].T he proposed approaches use disposable screen-printeda rrays as transducersa nd as imple target-capturing step by aptamers or antibodies functionalized magnetic beads. Screen-printed cells (SPCs) are widely used as electrochemical sensing due to their simple,r apid and inexpensive manufacturing process,t he possibility of mass production and the ability to print the electrochemical system on one solids upport to obtain disposable devices. SPC arraysh ave the advantage of simultaneous analysis of different samples,r educing the analysis time.S everal disposablei mmunosensors have been developedo nS PC arrays in the field of clinical or food analysis [18][19][20][21][22][23].Given the fact that immunosensors for tumor markers detection attracted considerable interest lately,M UC1 Abstract:T wo simple and sensitive electrochemical approaches for Mucin1 (MUC1) tumor marker usingm agnetic beads couplings creen-printed arrays were developed. Thes ingle-use bioassays are based on as andwich form...
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