Synthesis Methods of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles made from organic and inorganic materials have gained significant technological progress and are widely applied in biomedicine, including magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery systems, biosensors, hyperthermia, and tissue engineering. The most reported synthesis methods include hydrothermal, sol‐gel, laser ablation, microemulsion, and ball‐milling methods. The synthesis parameters have a strong correlation with essential properties, such as phase, size, and surface morphology, which greatly influence the macroscopic properties and potential applications of the particles. Different preparation methods result in magnetic nanoparticles with varying characteristics, and the appropriate method can be chosen based on the requirements of the specific application. Two effective methods for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles are coprecipitation and hydrothermal method because the preparation is relatively simple with low energy consumption, and uniform and homogeneous crystals are obtained.

New 3D Vortex Microfluidic System Tested for Magnetic Core-Shell Fe3O4-SA Nanoparticle Synthesis

“…This study aimed to optimize the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with a focus on improving efficiency and scalability, ultimately advancing applications in medicine, engineering, food, and agriculture. Given that the behavior of Fe 3 O 4 NPs is closely related to their size, morphology, and surface chemistry, the production procedure demands simplicity, reproducibility, and repeatability toward obtaining uniform nanoparticles with tailored properties [18,[45][46][47]. The use of microfluidic platforms has been considered in this context, with several devices being reported for the on-chip fabrication of Fe 3 O 4 NPs [18].…”

Recent Progress and Challenges Regarding Magnetite-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery

“…Typical functionalizers of magnetite nanoparticles are antibodies, peptides, genes, selective ligands, aptamers, siRNA, ssDNA, dendrimers, drugs, or fluorophores [11,12]. The nanomaterials based on magnetite nanoparticles are unique systems that can be used in various areas of cancer therapy and diagnostics, including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, bioseparation, imaging, tissue engineering, or drug delivery [3,4,7,12,13].…”

“…Over the years, many methods have been developed to obtain magnetite nanoparticles (Table 1) [3][4][5][6][7]. When designing a new material for a specific application, choosing a method that would guarantee obtaining magnetite nanoparticles of a specific shape, size, and crystallinity would be necessary.…”

Reactive Polymer Composite Microparticles Based on Glycidyl Methacrylate and Magnetite Nanoparticles

“…Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles also have great research interest due to their potential applications in numerous areas, such as, for example, mineral separation [10], heat transfer [11], electrophotography [12], and different biomedical applications (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gene therapy, hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and controlled drug transport) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”