Comparative study of CO2 photoreduction using different conformations of CuO photocatalyst: Powder, coating on mesh and thin film

Hierarchical hyper-branched titania nanorods with tuneable selectivity for CO2 photoreduction

“…The incorporation of CuO have been reported to improve optical performance and to have the potential to facilitate charge migration. 42 Despite the improved optical performance observed, the CuO-HBNs exhibited a modest overall conversion even though the loading composition was higher than RuO 2 -HBNs. This was attributed to the CuO functioning as a recombination centre thereby prohibiting the reaction flow most likely due to the agglomerated relatively large ∼300 nm CuO particles observed in Fig.…”

Dual S-scheme ZnO–g-C3N4–CuO heterosystem: a potential photocatalyst for H2 evolution and wastewater treatment

“…where χ, E e and E g represent the Mulliken electronegativity (χ ZnO (5.79 eV), χ CuO (5.81 eV) and χ GCN (4.72 eV)), free electron energy (4.5 vs. NHE) and the energy gap value of individual materials. 29,33,34 To further evaluate the flat-band-potential (E FB ) and semiconducting nature of pure ZnO, CuO, and GCN materials, M-S plots and VB-XPS studies were employed and the achieved outcomes are shown in Fig. 10(a-d).…”

“…Based upon the DRS data, the values of E CB and E VB for ZnO, CuO, and GCN could be calculated by the following equations: 27 E VB = χ − E e + 0.5 E g E CB = E VB − E g where χ , E e and E g represent the Mulliken electronegativity ( χ ZnO (5.79 eV), χ CuO (5.81 eV) and χ GCN (4.72 eV)), free electron energy (4.5 vs. NHE) and the energy gap value of individual materials. 29,33,34 These equations predict that ZnO, CuO, and GCN have E VB values of about 2.97, 2.16, and 1.57 V, respectively. ZnO, CuO, and GCN have E CB values of −0.38, 0.46, and −1.13 V, respectively.…”

“…Although three studies have been conducted based on Zscheme-based CuO-ZnO-g-C 3 N 4 (ref. [29][30][31] composites as efficient photocatalysts in the domain of pollutant degradation, no research has been directed to verify the ternary ZnO-CuO-g-C 3 N 4 S-scheme composite for photocatalytic H 2 generation. Moreover, the design of the ternary ZnO-CuO-g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction system is a complex process owing to its experimental requirements.…”

Core–shell TiO2−x-CuyO microspheres for photogeneration of cyclic carbonates under simulated sunlight

“…3 To enhance using a greater portion of the solar spectrum energy while maintaining the commendable properties of TiO 2 , 4 various approaches have been proposed, such as introduction of surface heterostructures, 4,5 anion doping, 6,7 loading of metals, [8][9][10] and coupling of small bandgap semiconductors. Composites of Cu x O and TiO 2−x have been reported and used for different photocatalytic applications, such as hydrogen evolution, 11 CO 2 photoreduction 12,13 and photodegradation of volatile organic compounds. 14 The use of renewable energy and anthropogenic CO 2 to generate valuable organic chemicals, including carbonates and polycarbonates, has been reported.…”