Comparative study of alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, non-psychotic disorders and normal people

Heshmati, Rasoul; Jafari, Esa; Hoseinifar, Jafar; Ahmadi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.240

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Regarding the second hypothesis of the present study, the results showed that the MBSR program reduced stress in the participants, which is in congruence with the results obtained by Goyal et al (26), Richardson et al (27), and Parswani, Sharma, and Iyengar (28). Mindfulness training reduces psychological distress, improves mental, physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), and decreases physical symptoms . It could be stated that frequent use of various techniques during treatment sessions improves and reduces stress in individuals with CHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Subject Study

Heshmati

2018

Jorjani Biomed J

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Background and objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with negative emotions of anger and stress, which are one of the nonclinical risk factors of the disease. Therefore, evaluation of the effective therapeutic models alleviating the patients' negative emotions is of paramount importance. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on anger and stress in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods: This research had an A-B single-subject design. The research populationencompassed all patients with coronary heart disease referring to Shahid Madani Hospital of Tabriz, Iran during the second half of 2016 for rehabilitation measures. Four patients were selected using convenience sampling. Before the interventions, the participants completed state-trait anger expression inventory (STAXI-2, Spielberger) and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) throughout two consecutive weeks, which led to establishing two baselines. Afterwards, they received mindfulness-based stress reduction training during seven consecutive weeks and completed the questionnaires after each intervention. Percentage of recovery, percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), standard mean difference (SMD), and effect size were used to analyze the data, and eye diagram analysis was adopted to interpret the data. Results:The findings indicated that the mean recovery rate for all participants was 0.84 and its effect size index was 2.7. Moreover, the mean percentage of recovery and the effect size index of mindfulness intervention on the patients' anger were 0.18 and 1.38, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it could be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction is an effective intervention to regulate stress in patients suffering from coronary heart disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Subject Study

Heshmati

2018

Jorjani Biomed J

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“…However, the results confirm the findings of studies carried out with nonclinical adult samples, which have found a greater tendency in men to score higher in alexithymia, at least in the total score (Carpenter & Addis, 2000;Heshmati et al 2010;Honkalampi et al 2000;Kokkonen et al 2001;Lane et al 1998;Levant et al 2009;Mattila et al 2006;Moral de la Rubia & Retamales, 2000;Páez & Velasco, 1993;Parker et al 2003;Salminen et al 1999), which converges with the sexual stereotypes that suggest that men should display their emotions less than women. In addition, this corroborates results of the work of Moral de la Rubia (2005), who found that men significantly presented a more externally focused thinking style, and also the results of Levant et al (2006), who verified that, in most of the studies with clinical samples, no gender differences were found in TAS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Most of the studies carried out with adults, using the TAS-20 (Toronto Scale Alexithymia, Parker, Bagby, Taylor, Ender & Schmitz, 1993), report a tendency in men to score higher in alexithymia, at least in the total score (Carpenter & Addis, 2000;Heshmati, Jafari, Hoseinifar & Ahmadi, 2010;Honkalampi, Hintikka, Tanskanen, Lehtonen & Viinamaki, 2000;Kokkonen et al 2001;Lane, Sechrest & Riedel, 1998;Levant, Hall, Williams & Hasan, 2009;Mattila, Salminen, Nummy & Joukamaa, 2006;Moral de la Rubia & Retamales, 2000;Parker, Taylor & Bagby, 2003;Salminen, Saarijärvi, Äärelä, Toikka & Kauhanen, 1999). Corroborating these results, Moral de la Rubia (2005) concludes that men present a significantly more externally focused thinking style and they tend (albeit nonsignificantly) to have less difficulties to identify feelings, but more difficulty to express them than women.…”

Section: Alexithymia: Differences As a Function Of Gender Age And Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Sexismo y alexitimia: Correlaciones y diferencias en función del género, la edad, y el nivel de estudios

Garaigordobil

2013

analesps

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Título: Sexismo y alexitimia: Correlaciones y diferencias en función del género, la edad, y el nivel de estudios. Resumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivos analizar diferencias en función del género, la edad y el nivel de estudios en sexismo y alexitimia, en una muestra no-clínica y en otra clínica; y explorar la relación entre ambos constructos. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y correlacional de corte trasversal. El Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (Glick y Fiske, 1996) y La Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (Parker et al. 1993) fueron administrados. La muestra estaba configurada con 989 participantes del País Vasco de 18 a 65 años. Los resultados pusieron de relieve: 1) Puntuaciones significativamente superiores en los hombres en sexismo (hostil, benevolente y ambivalente), y en alexitimia (dificultades para expresar emociones y pensamiento orientado al exterior), en ambas muestras; en la puntuación total en alexitimia los hombres tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas úni-camente en la muestra no-clínica; 2) A partir de los 55 años se evidenció un aumento significativo del sexismo benevolente, ambivalente, de las dificultades para identificar emociones, del pensamiento orientado al exterior y de la puntuación total en alexitimia (únicamente en la muestra no-clínica); sin embargo, en sexismo hostil y en dificultades para expresar emociones no se observaron cambios con la edad; 3) Una disminución del sexismo y la alexitimia a medida que aumenta el nivel de estudios; y 4) Correlaciones significativas positivas entre sexismo y alexitimia. Palabras clave: Sexismo; alexitimia; personalidad; psicopatología; género. Abstract:The goals of the study were to analyze differences as a function of gender, age, and educational level in sexism and alexithymia in a nonclinical and in a clinical sample, and to explore the relation between these constructs. A descriptive and correlational cross-sectional methodology was used. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Parker et al. 1993) were administered. The sample comprised 989 participants from the Basque Country, aged between 18 and 65 years. The results revealed: 1) Significantly higher scores in the males in sexism (hostile, benevolent, and ambivalent) and in alexithymia (difficulties to express emotions and external-oriented thinking) in both samples; in the total alexithymia score, the males had significantly higher scores only in the nonclinical sample; 2) As of 55 years of age, a significant increase in benevolent and ambivalent sexism, and in difficulties to identify emotions, external-oriented thinking, and in the total alexithymia score were observed (only in the nonclinical sample); however, no changes with age were observed in hostile sexism and in difficulties to express emotions; 3) A decrease in sexism and alexithymia as the educational level increased; and 4) Significant positive correlations between sexism and alexithymia.

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“…Although not inherently negative, and accord ing to alexithymia research and logic, weight training and exercise may take on a new meaning and purpose for men who are alex ithymic. Transferring emotions to other activities as well as avoid ance also has been suggested to be more common in men (Heshmati, Jafari, Hoseinifar, & Ahmadi, 2010;Levant, 1996). Understanding how alexithymia relates to body image and expres sions of body image dissatisfaction can help professionals devise appropriate, gender-specific prevention and treatment interven tions.…”

Section: Alexithymiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pubertal timing and alexithymia on symptoms of muscle dysmorphia and the drive for muscularity in men.

Leone¹,

Wise²,

Mullin³

et al. 2015

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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Relationships between pubertal timing and alexithymia on the development of muscle dysmorphia (MD) and drive for muscularity (DM) in men are unknown. Our purpose was to determine if pubertal timing and alexithymia effect the development of MD and DM. The sample included 304 men (Mage = 22.49, SD = 4.38). We used the Modified Pubertal Development Scale, Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance analyses were used to measure the effects of alexithymia on muscle dysmorphic disorder and DM. There was a significant mean vector difference (A = .93, F(3, 238) = 6.17, p < .05) between men with low and high levels of alexithymia such that men with low alexithymia scored lower on the three subscales of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory. Men with higher levels of alexithymia are more likely to report MD symptoms but not DM. A shortened version of the Modified Pubertal Development Scale did not significantly predict symptoms of MD or DM. Implications are discussed.

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Comparative study of alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, non-psychotic disorders and normal people

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Subject Study

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Subject Study

Sexismo y alexitimia: Correlaciones y diferencias en función del género, la edad, y el nivel de estudios

The effects of pubertal timing and alexithymia on symptoms of muscle dysmorphia and the drive for muscularity in men.

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