Comparative study for the effect of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on sunflower plants grown under salinity stress conditions

Abstract

Background: The application of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) donors (arginine and sodium nitroprusside) have protective effects on plants in alleviating salinity stress throughout improving the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment which induced plant antioxidative defense system. This experiment carried out to study the effect of soaking seeds of sunflower plant in different concentrations of arginine or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on growth, some physiological parameters, yield and chemical composition of the yielded seeds of sunflower under salinity stress. Results: Growth parameters (shoot length, stem diameter, no. of leaves, shoot fresh, and dry weights) decreased significantly with salinity stress and such effect ameliorated using the two levels of both arginine and SNP. Photosynthetic pigments significantly increased in the arginine and SNP treated plants under salinity stress or not stressed ones. Phenol and indole acetic acid as well as compatible solutes as total soluble sugar and proline showed highly significant increase with arginine and SNP treatments either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditions. Free amino acids showed significant increase in both unstressed and stressed sunflower plants treated with either arginine or SNP. High level of arginine recorded the highest values of TSS, proline, free AA, phenol, and IAA in both unstressed and salinity stressed plants. Arginine and SNP with salinity levels showed a highly significant increase in various antioxidant enzymes compared to the control plants. Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations decreased significantly plant content of Na, while K and P highly significantly increased and Ca, Mg, and N non-significantly increased. The yield parameters showed in general highly significant increase in head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, and oil% with arginine or SNP with the superiority of the higher concentration of both treatment materials. Both arginine and SNP increased markedly total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TS with superiority of high concentration of SNP treatment in that domain. Conclusion: Soaking seeds of sunflower plant with arginine and SNP improved yield parameters of sunflower. High level of SNP under salinity stress conditions proved to be the most effective.

Insights into 28-homobrassinolide (HBR)-mediated redox homeostasis, AsA–GSH cycle, and methylglyoxal detoxification in soybean under drought-induced oxidative stress

“…Macro element levels decreased significantly under drought stress in soybean seedlings, and our results are similar to those of several authors, including those of Arjenaki et al (2012) for wheat plants under drought stress, Ramadan et al (2019) for sunflower plants under salt stress, and Sadak et al (2020) for Moringa oleifera under drought stress. The macro elements decrease might be due to the decline in photosynthetic pigment levels, which is supported by the findings of Hasan et al (2019).…”

Role of Signaling Molecules Sodium Nitroprusside and Arginine in Alleviating Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat

“…The analyzed data show that foliar application of arginine or SNP could ameliorate the negative effect of salinity stress on wheat growth traits. The data are congruent with those obtained in sunflower seed after priming in arginine or SNP, which enhanced the growth parameters of the plants under salinity stress [ 26 , 27 ] by maintaining ion homeostasis, re-establishing the redox balance, and thus enhancing growth [ 28 ]. In addition, NO plays a role in regulating plant metabolism [ 29 , 30 ], photosynthetic pigments [ 31 ], ameliorating oxidative stress [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], and plant hormones [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity

“…Salt stress causes alterations in the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and, subsequently, reduces the yield to a great extent. For example, upon exposure to salt, the yield-contributing characteristics of H. annuus, e.g., head diameter, 100-seed weight and oil percentage, were found to be reduced 24, 28 and 5%, respectively, with a severe (26%) seed yield reduction [82]. A similar trend was found in Hordeum vulgare, where the tiller number, spike length and 100-grain weight were reduced by 53, 40 and 41%, respectively, in saline conditions [83].…”