Comparative Study for DC Motor Speed Control Using PID Controller

Abstract

I. INTRODUCTIONProcess control industry has seen many advances in the past two decades in terms of the controller design and its implementation methods [1]. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been used for several decades since 1940 in industries for process control applications. PID controllers tend to bring down the difference between the process variable and set point by comparing the response with the desired value [2]. PID controller is the most common control algorithm used in process control applications [3]. The performance of PID controller mostly depends on the precision of system models and their parameters. A setting of the proportional, integral and derivative values of a controller to get the best response for a process using a tuning algorithm is called tuning of a PID controller [4], [5]. In spite of these advances classical PID controller is undoubtedly the most popular controller in the industry because of its simple structure and robust performance in different operating conditions. It has been reported that 97% controllers in refining paper and pulp industries have PID structure [6].To implement a PID controller effectively, tuning process of its parameters plays a vital role. J. G. Zeigler and N. B. Nichols were the first to present the simple tuning rules for PID controller [7], [8]. Most of controlled systems became poor in characteristics and even it becomes unstable, if improper values of the controller tuning constants are used [9]. DC motors are the oldest types of electro-mechanical machines. They were invented after the creation of the first sources of DC current. They are more advantageous over other AC machines regarding controlling the speed regulation, they could be found in many applications which require high-speed control accuracy and reliable effective dynamic responses such as industrial, medical and military purposes where the speed must be variable in wide range [10]. DC motor speed is directly proportional to armature voltage, by adjusting the armature voltage. So, it is important to design a proper controller to control the speed of a DC motor. The parameters of the DC motor should be known since they are essential to build the mathematical model [11], and then get the PID controller tuning gains [12]. The organization of this paper is presented mathematical modelling structure in section II, tuning methods of PID controller parameters are presented in section III, simulink model of a dc motor introduced in section IV, comparison of simulation and experimental results are given in section V and conclusions are explained in section VI.

Conversion of geared DC motor into stepper motor using switching delay time signals

“…Operated the DC motor at 10V supply under no load condition. Authors [4][5][6] controlled the power supply of DC motor using various motor drivers and micro-controller or micro-processor with closed loop system. [4] Khan and Kamil controlled the supply of DC motor with L293D IC driving the motor which is made up of two H-Bridge.…”

“…[4] Khan and Kamil controlled the supply of DC motor with L293D IC driving the motor which is made up of two H-Bridge. [5] Ali Hassan controlled the supply voltage of PMDC with IBT-2 driver. [6] SSyukriyadin controlled power supply of PMDC motor by motor drive module BTS7960 using PWM signal.…”

“…From the literature [2][3][4][5][6] it is analyzed that for very low speed applications DC motors are unable to utilize in open loop and closed conditions. DC motors speed is changed by varying the power supply.…”

Performance comparison between variants PID controllers and unity feedback control system for the response of the angular position of the DC motor

“…The author of [15] used PID and FLC controllers to control shunt DC motor. The authors of [16] presented a comparison for the ways of tuning the PID to regulate the speed of direct current motor. The authors of [17] used the PID to control DC motor when the load is variable.…”

Modelling and Simulation of DC Motor Speed Control Using Fuzzy-PID Algorithm

“…[1] There are 2 kinds of electric motor: AC and DC, however, both have differences. DC motors are often more popular than AC motors because of its superiority and ease in controlling speed [2]. In addition, DC motors are also simpler than AC in conversion and in general DC motors are cheaper for the performance it offers [3], therefore this study uses DC motors as plants to be controlled.…”