Comparative Studies on the Physiobiochemical, Enzymatic, and Ionic Modifications in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Citrus Rootstocks under NaCl Stress

Abstract

<jats:p>A study was conducted to investigate the morphological, physiobiochemical, enzymatic, and ionic differences among four cultivated citrus (<jats:italic>Citrus</jats:italic> sp.) rootstocks with different salt tolerances. Two salt-tolerant rootstocks [Rangpur lime (<jats:italic>C. limonia</jats:italic>) and Rubidoux (<jats:italic>C. trifoliata</jats:italic>)] and two salt-sensitive rootstocks [Carrizo citrange (<jats:italic>Citrus sinensis</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>C. trifoliata</jats:italic>) and Sanchton citrumello (<jats:italic>C. trifoliata</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>C. paradisi</jats:italic>)], were subjected to NaCl stress in greenhouse conditions. The 9-month-old plants were exposed to four different NaCl levels (0, 30, 60, or 90 m<jats:sc>m</jats:sc>) in sand culture for 3 months. Plant biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length, and leaf thickness), physiological attributes [number of stomata, stomatal size, number of epidermal cells, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance (<jats:italic>g</jats:italic><jats:sub>S</jats:sub>), water use efficiency, and transpiration rate]. and ion content (Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Ca<jats:sup>+2</jats:sup>, Mg<jats:sup>+2</jats:sup>, and Cl<jats:sup>–</jats:sup>) were adversely affected by salt stress, but salt-tolerant cultivars were comparatively less affected. Salt stress also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), particularly in salt-tolerant cultivars. The salt-sensitive cultivars accumulated the greatest content of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Cl<jats:sup>–</jats:sup> in their leaves, whereas the salt-tolerant cultivars accumulated the greatest content of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Cl<jats:sup>–</jats:sup> in their roots, an adaptation to combat the highly saline conditions. Overall, it was concluded that the salt tolerance of rootstocks is associated with a greater antioxidant enzyme activity and differing accumulation patterns of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Cl<jats:sup>–</jats:sup>, Mg<jats:sup>+2</jats:sup>, and Ca<jats:sup>+2</jats:sup> in leaves and roots; these can be considered potential indicators of a cultivar's sensitivity to salt stress.</jats:p>

Assesment of Growth and Productivity of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Genotypes Under Salt Stress Regime

“…Likewise, Noreen and Ashraf (2009) complied different cucumber genotypes to many salt concentrations and observed a increment in LPO and H2O2 level with various salt concentrations. Higher activities of SOD, POD and CAT detoxify the (ROS) in plant cell (Sekmen et al, 2012 of antioxidant enzymes activities (Balal et al, 2012). Same findings were comparised in this study a constant activities of antioxidant in tolerant cucumber genotypes with high potassium and calcium ions in their leaves, in results higher plant biomass, maximum photosynthesis activities as comparison to sensitive genotypes.…”

“…Sugars alcohols i.e. mannitol and sorbitol, and glycinebetaines are bring into mainly protect the protein of cytoplasm or keep away cell membranes desiccation (Ashraf et al, 2010;Balal et al, 2012).…”

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“…The role of rootstocks and its use in fruit crops have significant impact on fruit crop production by influencing canopy architecture, nutritional uptake, flowering, yield, and fruit quality. Moreover, it can confront biotic and abiotic stresses (Balal et al 2012;Nimbolkar et al 2016;Albrecht et al 2018;Santana et al 2018). Choosing the right rootstock and scion combination is an important factor that can result in higher economic returns.…”

Foliar treatment with Lolium perenne (Poaceae) leaf extract alleviates salinity and nickel-induced growth inhibition in pea

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